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100
Rome - Interactions
During 100 B.C-500 A.D. Romans controlled majority of the Mediterranean. This was important because it made trade easier for them. -
100
Rome - Interactions
During the beginning of C.E the Mediterranean basin was largely deforested. Mining had started during this time period. -
101
Greece - Interactions
By 3000 B.C., the Minoans lived on the large Greek island of Crete. This would later contribute to the growing population of Greece. -
101
Mesopotamia - Interactions
By 3000 B.C., the Sumerians had built a number of cities, each surrounded by fields of barley and wheat. This was an effective spot to settle down in because the crops were right by them. -
101
Mesopotamia - Political
From 3000 to 2000 B.C., the city-states of Sumer were almost constantly at war with one another. This causes the cities to be weak and not able to fight off other people. -
102
Indus Valley - Political
About 2500 B.C. - While Egyptians were building pyramids, the people in the Indus Valley were laying bricks for the first cities. They built strong levees and earthen walls to keep water out. -
102
Indus Valley - Interactions
2500 B.C. - Farming is best when it is done by the Indus River. The Indus River and Ganges Rivers are one of the most vital parts of the Indus Valley. -
102
Indus Valley - Interactions
2500 B.C. - The Indus and Ganges rivers carry silt in the water. This not only helps with irrigation, but it helps create good agriculture. -
130
Rome - Cultural
During 130 AD all Jews were banned from Jerusalem because of a revolt. This impacted their society because they had also fought for rights. -
133
Rome - Social
In 133 B.C, Tiberius noticed poverty for the first time. He entered in politics because of this. -
200
Indus Valley - Economic
During 200-100 B.C., Trade routes were set up between Mediterranean and South India. Trade helped India prosper. -
202
Rome - Political
During 202 B.C Scipio routed Hannibal’s forces and ended the 2nd Punic Wars. This later lead to the 3rd Punic Wars even though they thought they were done fighting. -
225
Greece - Interactions
In 225 B.C The Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, was toppled by an earthquake. The bronze was later sold. -
265
Rome - Political
In 265 B.C the Romans defeated the Etruscans and Greeks in southern Italy. This gave Rome more power. -
300
Egypt - Economic
In 300 B.C Alexandria became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization. This was important because many customs and items were shared with many others. -
300
Egypt - Economic
In 300 B.C Broad avenues lined with statues of Greek gods divided the city into blocks and rulers built magnificent royal palaces overlooking the harbor. This was a great attraction for the city. -
300
Rome - Cultural
In 300 AD Christianity hastened through Rome by the conversion of the emperor Constantine to the religion. This was important because it caused the religion to spread rapidly throughout Rome because he made it legal to practice it. -
476
China - Economic
During 476 - 221 BC, The Great Wall of China arose on the backs of hundreds of thousands of peasants. The wall builders worked neither for wages nor for love of empire. They had faced a terrible choice to either work on the wall or die. Though many of the laborers who worked on the wall had died anyway due to victims of the crushing labor or the harsh winter weather. -
500
Indus Valley - Cultural
In 500 B.C. Different religions were starting to be discovered. One of the biggest ones was Jainism, which was the most major early religion in the Indus Valley. -
563
Indus Valley - Cultural
During 563-486 B.C. Buddha became one of the most powerful, religious figures and created one of the most popular religions. -
Dec 6, 621
Greece - Social
In 621 B.C., Draco developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law. This made it easier for citizens to follow a set of laws. -
Dec 7, 630
Rome - Cultural
During 63 B.C Romans conquered Judea. The Jews were not willing to give up their religion for polytheism and this caused many problems with the Jews. -
Sep 6, 750
Greece - Cultural
During 750 - 700 B.C. The Trojan War formed the backdrop for the Iliad, one of Homer's great epic poems. This was a very well known story in Greece that informed people of the war. -
Dec 5, 750
Greece - Political
By 750 B.C. Polis was the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece. This caused the population to increase and citizens now participated in a government called a monarchy. -
Dec 5, 753
Rome - Social
In 753 B.C Rome was founded. This is important because then the Roman Empire started and brought many new thing to society. -
Dec 5, 776
Greece - Cultural
In 776 B.C. the most famous sports festival was the Olympic games which is held every four years. The ancient Greeks believed that strong healthy citizens helped strengthen the city-state. This impacted the citizens because they competed for physical health and those games are still held today. -
Jan 4, 1000
China - Economic
In 1000 B.C The Shang surrounded their cities with massive earthen walls for protection. It was said it most likely took 10,000 men more than 12 years to build such a structure. -
Jan 4, 1000
China - Social
In 1000s B.C The family was central to Chinese society. The most important virtue was respect for one’s parents. -
Dec 5, 1000
China - Cultural
During 1000s B.C Blast furnaces that produced cast iron were developed. People began to start making weapons. -
Dec 5, 1026
China - Economic
In 1026 B.C Roads and canals were built to stimulate trade and agriculture. Coined money was introduced, which further improved trade. -
Jan 4, 1027
China - Political
Around 1027 B.C. people called the Zhou overthrew the Shang and established their own dynasty. This brought new ideas to the Chinese government. -
Dec 5, 1027
China - Political
In 1027 B.C. To govern China, control over different regions were given to members of the royal family and other trusted nobles. This established a system called feudalism. -
Jan 4, 1200
Greece - Political
Around 1200 B.C. sea raiders attacked and burned many Mycenaean cities and Dorian were next in the ruling of Greece. The attack lead to the collapse of Mycenaean's. -
Dec 5, 1200
Greece- Political
During 1200s B.C. the Mycenaean's fought a ten-year war against Troy called the Trojan War. -
Dec 5, 1500
Greece - Economic
During 1500 B.C., through trade and war, the Mycenaean's came into contact with the Minoan civilization. From their contact with the Minoans, the Mycenaean's marched throughout the eastern Mediterranean, making stops at Aegean islands, coastal towns in Anatolia, and ports in Syria, Egypt, Italy, and Crete. -
Dec 5, 1500
Greece - Cultural
In 1500 B.C The Mycenaean's adapted the Minoan writing system to the Greek language and decorated vases with Minoan designs. This lead to the cultures fusing. -
Dec 5, 1500
Indus Valley - Cultural
From 1500-1000 B.C., Hymns began to be produced. According to historians, these are believed to be the earliest recorded hymns in history. -
China - Political
The Shang Dynasty lasted from around 1700-1027 B.C. They were the first family of Chinese rulers to leave written records. -
Mesopotamia - Social
During 1792-1750 B.C. Hammurabi’s most enduring legacy is the code of laws he put together. The Hammurabi code is a uniform code of laws that would help to unify the diverse groups within his empire. There were 282 of these laws. -
China - Interactions
In 2000s B.C Because of China’s relative geographic isolation, early settlers had to supply their own goods rather than trading with outside peoples. This lead to more food -
China - Cultural
In 2000 B.C the earliest evidence of Chinese writing is seen on oracle bones like this one found in the city of Anyang. This is one of the most complicated languages. -
China - Cultural
In 2000s B.C Shang kings consulted the gods through the use of oracle bones, animal bones and tortoise shells on which priests had scratched questions for the gods. -
Greece - Social
In 2000 B.C. Mycenaean's settled on Greek mainland. This started the Greek culture. -
Mesopotamia - Social
During 2000s B.C., Social classes - kings, landholders, and priests were at the peak in Sumerian society and after them were the wealthy merchants. Then came the majority of ordinary Sumerian people who worked with their hands in fields or workshops. The lowest level of Sumerian society consisted of the slaves. -
Mesopotamia - Economic
During 2000s B.C., activities required organization, cooperation, and leadership. It took many people working together, for example, for the Sumerians to construct their large irrigation systems. -
Mesopotamia - Social
During 2000 B.C., nomadic warriors known as Amorites invaded Mesopotamia. They overwhelmed the Sumerians and established Babylon. -
Egypt - Social
In 2000s B.C., Women in Egypt held many of the same rights as men. For example, a wealthy or middle-class woman could own and trade property. -
Egypt - Social
During 2000s B.C To the Egyptians, kings were gods. Pharaohs were thought to be almost as splendid and powerful as the gods of the heavens. -
Egypt - Political
In 2000s B.C., during the Egyptian times a government known as theocracy was established. This type of ruling was practiced through religious leaders. -
Indus Valley - Social
During the early 2000’s, because of the mountain ranges, the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalayas, the Indian subcontinent was secluded from the rest of the Asian continent -
China - Social
Around 2000 B.C. settlements grew into China’s first cities. This caused the populations to rise. -
China - Interactions
In 2000 B.C., Natural barriers isolated ancient China from all other civilizations. Mountain ranges and deserts dominate about two-thirds of China’s landmass. -
China - Social
In 2000 B.C According to legend, the Xia Dynasty had emerged. Its leader was an engineer and mathematician named Yu and brought advantages to the dynasty. -
China - Interaction
In 2000 B.C The Huang He’s floods were disastrous. Sometimes floods devoured whole villages, causing the river to be nicknamed “China’s Sorrow.” -
Greece - Social
In 594 B.C democratic reforms were introduced by Solon. Solon had outlawed debt slavery. He organized all Athenian citizens into four social according to wealth which lead to other reforms. -
Rome - Political
In 509 B.C Rome became a republic and they elected officials to run the city. This made participating in voting easier for the citizens. -
Rome - Social
During 494 B.C the Plebeians challenged Patricians and the Patricians expanded rights. All of the laws were written down, establishing the Law of the 12 tables. This was important because the Plebeians got more equality in the law system. -
Rome - Interactions
In 218 B.C Carthaginian Hannibal led a well trained army and used elephants to cross the Pyrenees and Alps. The elephants made it easier to cross those barriers and also made for a quick transportation as well. -
Rome - Economic
In 180 AD, Farmers started to replace slaves in farming. This allowed farmers to live on the property if he could pay the owner with the crops he grew. Because of that, this had ended some of slavery. -
Rome - Economic
In 180 AD the Roman empire manufacturing increased. This lead to the selling of more pottery, there were more shops, and the selling of glassware. Because this occurred, it allowed the Romans to make more money. -
Rome - Economic
In 180 AD, Many trade opportunities arose for Italy, Alexandria, and Asia. This was important because ideas had spread. -
Egypt - Economic
During 2040–1640 B.C. Pharaohs regained control during the Middle Kingdom and restored law and order. They improved trade and transportation by digging a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. -
Egypt - Interactions
During 2040-1640 B.C., pharaohs created new acres of farmland by draining the swamps of Lower Egypt. This allowed land to be cleared up and farming could start. -
Egypt - Social
In 2180 B.C., The power of the pharaohs declined, marking the end of the Old Kingdom. This lead to the Middle Kingdom. -
Mesopotamia - Cultural
In 2300 B.C first map was made. It was made on a clay tablet and written in cuneiform. -
Mesopotamia - Cultural
In 2350 B.C. Sargon defeated the city-states of Sumer and created an empire. He spread Akkadian culture along Tigris and Euphrates river. -
Indus Valley - Social
In 2500 B.C. the people of the Indus Valley came up with a language. The language has not yet been translated. -
Indus Valley - Interactions
During 2500 B.C., The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River. This caused the population to grow. -
Indus Valley - Social
Around 2500 B.C. - Harappa was built. Harappa was a citadel that protected the royal family, as well as serving as a temple. -
Indus Valley - Economic
Around 2500 B.C., one of the most remarkable achievements the people of the Indus Valley had, was their city planning. They laid out their cities on a precise grid system. -
Indus Valley - Economic
In 2500 B.C. The greatest achievement of the Indus Valley was their irrigation system. The systems the people came up with were very efficient and also were the greatest before the 19th century. -
Mesopotamia - Interactions
In 2500 B.C., the Persian Gulf was larger than it is today. Over time the Tigris and Euphrates joined together and filled in the shallow area. -
Mesopotamia - Political
In 2500 B.C., many Sumerian city-states came under the rule of dynasties and the people were the full time rulers. -
Mesopotamia - Economic
In 2500 B.C., some Sumerians would be sold into slavery as children to pay the debts of their poor parents. They would hope this would eventually buy their freedom. -
Mesopotamia - Interactions
By 2500 B.C., new cities were arising all over the Fertile Crescent, in what is now Syria, northern Iraq, and Turkey. This caused cultural diffusion. -
Mesopotamia - Cultural
In 2500 B.C. Cultural diffusion started by the Sumerians with the exchange of products and ideas. This helped spread culture though people in events like trading. -
Mesopotamia - Economic
In 2500 B.C., Sumer’s city-states grew immensely from the surplus food produced on their farms. These surpluses allowed Sumerians to increase long-distance trade, exchanging the extra food and other goods for items they needed. -
Indus Valley - Political
In 2505 B.C. The cities’ planning and construction was made in a uniform matter. This suggests that the Indus Valley had a strong central government. -
Egypt - Economic
In 2556 B.C., The Great Pyramid at Giza, was completed. These are said to be man made and their were tombs that held people of higher power which determined importance of the people. -
Egypt - Political
From 2660 to 2180 B.C., was a time period known as the Old Kingdom. This marked a time when Egypt’s civilization patterns became widespread. -
Egypt - Social
During 3000-2000s B.C The king, queen, and royal family stood at the top. Below them were the other members of the upper class, which included wealthy landowners, government officials, priests, and army commanders. Next on the pyramid was the middle class, which included merchants and artisans. At the base was the lower class and by far the largest class which consisted of peasant farmers and laborers. -
Greece - Interactions
During 3000s B.C., Climate was the third important environmental influence on Greece civilization. The moderate temperatures supported an outdoor life for many Greek citizens. -
Mesopotamia - Political
During 3000 B.C many city states were established. They functioned like an independent country works today. -
Egypt - Economic
During 3000s B.C., The Nile river brought its water to Egypt from distant mountains, plateaus, and in present-day Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia. Egypt’s settlements arose along the Nile on a narrow strip of land made fertile by the river. -
Egypt - Cultural
During the 3000- 2000s B.C the early Egyptians were polytheistic. Egyptians worshiped more than 2,000 gods and goddesses and built huge temples to honor the major deities, glorifying Egypt. -
Egypt - Cultural
During 3000s-2000s B.C., Royal and elite Egyptians’ bodies were preserved by mummification. Scholars continue to accept Herodotus’s description of the process of mummification as one of the methods used by Egyptians. -
Period: to
Egypt - Interactions
During the 3000s B.C The Nile provided a reliable system of transportation between Upper and Lower Egypt. The Nile flows north, so northbound boats drifted with the current making trade easier. -
Egypt - Political
By 3200 B.C., the villages of Egypt were under the rule of two separate kingdoms, Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. Eventually the two kingdoms were united which lead to more peace. -
Egypt - Interactions
During 3200-2700 BC Historians suggest that the pattern for Egypt’s great civilization was set during this time period. This was the start of Egypt. -
Egypt - Cultural
During 5000 B.C, perhaps even earlier, Egyptians lived in farming villages. Each village had its own rituals, gods, and chieftain which developed culture. -
Indus Valley - Political
Archeologists have found evidence of highlands and domesticated sheep dating all the way back to 7000 B.C. They also found evidence people were farming in villages along the Indus River.