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It had its origin in England. The steam engine was the base on which all the development that was brought about as a result of the Industrial Revolution was based. -
England is very bad economically so it raises taxes on the 13 colonies located in America (The Stamp Act). These colonies are not silent, then the American Revolution is created. -
The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI, who was killed by the guillotine. Although he did not achieve all of his goals and at times degenerated into a chaotic bloodbath. -
The first Napoleonic empire was the largest, most institutionally uniform European state in modern times. Napoleon's personal rule was first consul of France and emperor. -
Were numerous wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence against Spanish rule during the early 19th century. These began shortly after the start of the French invasion of Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. -
European absolutist restoration means returning to the type of society that existed before the French Revolution. All this happened after the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo the victorious powers will meet in Vienna, and will impose what has been said above. -
This gave rise to a new wave of revolutions -
Concentrated in the area of Mediterranean and Russia. Some monarchs initially acepted the constitutions, but in the end they imposed absolutism. -
Affected practically all of Europe. It began in France, and spread to Belgium, which achieved the independece of Holland, and then to Spain, Portugal and Italian and German states. Once power was taken, liberal leaders limited rights and freedoms. -
It started in France and then spread throughout much of Europe. It is known by the name of "spring of the peoples". The causes were: The bad crops of 1847, especially potatoes, a staple food for the popular classes, and the denial of rights and freedoms to important sectors of French society. -
The Unification of Italy: Victor Emmanuel II incorporated Lombardy into the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardina in the battle against Austria. Garibaldi conquered the kingdom of Two Scilies in the south, leading an army known as 'Expedition of the Thousand'.
Unification of Germany: They aimed to unify Germany and exclude Austria, their political rival. Prussia defeated Austria in the Battle of Sadowa. Then defeated France in the Batlle of Sedan, incorporating Alsance and Lorraine. -
It is the second phase of economic development. New sources of energy, new industries, advances in transportation and communications are created. There is a development of financial capitalism. There is competition in the international market.