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The wealth of the nation.
Economical changes: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the master piece of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith, offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth, and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. -
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
Religious changes: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was a law passed during the French Revolution, that caused the immediate subordination of the Catholic Church in France to the French government. -
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Slaves revolt.
Political changes: The Haitian Revolution was a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue. It was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state, which was both free from slavery, and ruled by non-whites and former captives. -
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The consulate.
Political changes: The Consulate was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in 1804. The term The Consulate also refers to this period of French history. -
Constitution for Haiti.
Political changes: Established Toussaint L’Ouverture as Governor for Life and gave him the right to select his successor. Provided a mechanism to overthrow any governor avoiding election. Abolished slavery and racial restrictions on employment, but upheld fermage, leases, and restrictions on movement. Banned free assembly, all religions other than Catholicism, divorce, and any imports in competition with local manufactures. -
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Concordat with Vatican.
Religious changes: The Concordat was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII.. It sought national reconciliation between revolutionaries and Catholics and solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France, with most of its civil status restored. -
Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.
Religious changes: The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806. Emperor Francis II dissolved the empire on 6 August 1806, after the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine by Napoleon. -
Constitution of 1812.
Political changes: The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was established by the Cádiz Cortes, Spain's first national sovereign assembly, the Cortes Generales in refuge in Cádiz during the Peninsular War. It established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy and freedom of the press, and supported land reform and free enterprise. -
Principles of Political Economy and Taxation.
Economical changes: It is a book by David Ricardo on economics. The book concludes that land rent grows as population increases. It also presents the theory of comparative advantage, the theory that free trade between two or more countries can be mutually beneficial, even when one country has an absolute advantage over the other countries in all areas of production. -
Revolutions of 1820.
Political changes: The Revolutions of 1820 were a revolutionary wave in Europe. It included revolutions in Spain, Portugal, Russia, and Italy for constitutional monarchies, and for independence from Ottoman rule in Greece. -
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Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts
Economical changes: Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (also referred to as The Paris Manuscripts are a series of notes written by Karl Marx.It was not published by Marx during his lifetime, they were first released in 1932 by researchers in the Soviet Union. The notebooks are an early expression of Marx's analysis of economics, chiefly Adam Smith, and critique of the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel.
