history timeline

ottoman empire

Period: Jan 1, 1299 to Jan 1, 1922

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=lSX6i3vxIgw3UM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire&docid=rfC7Nai_LQeSfM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ottoman_Empire_16-17th_century.jpg/250px-Ottoman_Empire_16-17th_century.jpg&w=250&h=183&ei=QfGqUPnXGo6vigL974CACg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=28&vpy=101&dur=237&hovh=146&hovw=200&tx=164&ty=85&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=200&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:154with the conquest of constantinople by mehmed 2 in 1453, the ottoman state became an empire. a multilingual empire that stretched from the southern borders of the holy roman empire to the outskirts of vienna. royal hungary and the polish lithuanian common wealth in the north to yemen and eritea in the south; from algeria in the west to azerbaijan in the east,controlling much of southeast eurpoe, western asia and north africa.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Period: Jan 1, 1394 to Jan 1, 1460

pictureled the attack on ceuta. third son of the king of portugal. because he devoted the rest of his life to promoting exploration of the south atlantis his motives were: converting africans to christianity, making contact with existing christian rulers in africa, and launching joint crusades with them against the ottomans. ha aslo wished to discover new places and hoped that such new contact would be profitable.

reign of mehmed the conquerer

Period: Jan 1, 1432 to Jan 1, 1481

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=a26jKu98XbN7iM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_II&docid=z3wgC2giML226M&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sarayi_Album_10a.jpg/220px-Sarayi_Album_10a.jpg&w=220&h=326&ei=mfGqUKD4DKjrigK0goDYDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=101&vpy=119&dur=253&hovh=260&hovw=176&tx=112&ty=122&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=102&start=0&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:88At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire, absorbing its administrative apparatus into the Ottoman state. Mehmed continued his conquests in Asia, with the Anatolian reunification, and in Europe, as far as Bosnia and Croatia. Mehmed II is regarded as a national hero in Turkey, and his name has been given to Istanbul's Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.

Reign of Sunni Ali

Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Jan 1, 1492

pictureFirst king of songhai empire. under sunii ali's infantary and calavry many cities were captured and then fortified, such as timbuktu, and djenne. he built a fleet to patrol the niger river.

Martin luther

Period: Jan 1, 1483 to Jan 1, 1546

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=FEaIsCYXZRze_M:&imgrefurl=http://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-9389283&docid=dQ4Pu3DC68zguM&imgurl=http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/L/Martin-Luther-9389283-1-402.jpg&w=402&h=402&ei=gu-qULDUJanOiwLnl4DQCA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=1&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=137&tbnw=141&start=0&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:163&tx=103&ty=66a young profeser of sacred scripture objected to the way the new indulgence was preached. luther had forsaken money and marriage for a monastic life of prayer, self denial, and study. he further declared that christian beliefe must be based on the word of god in the bible and on christian tradition. not on the authority of the pope, as catholics held.

Dias' voyage into Indian ocean

Jan 1, 1488

First Portuguese explorer to round the southern tip of africa and enter the indian ocean

Columbus' first voyage

Jan 1, 1492

established the existance of a vast new world across the atlantic, whose existance few in the "old world" eurasia and africa had never suspected it. he originaly went in search for a shorter route to the indian ocean and refused to accept that he had found and unkown continent and peoples

safavid empire

Period: Jan 1, 1502 to Jan 1, 1722

pictureFrom iran resembled its long time ottoman foe in many ways: it initially used land grants to support its all important calvary; its population spoke several languages; it focused on land rather than sea power; and urban notables, nomadic cheiftains, and religious scholars served as intermediaries between the people and the government. many considered ismail god incarnate and fought ferociously on his behalf.

Moctezuma

Period: Jan 1, 1502 to Jan 1, 1520

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=Jd7w82mt4SJcoM:&imgrefurl=http://194.254.24.219/calendriers/azteques/moduleA/texte_conquista.htm&docid=ueLJnFUE1T7xRM&imgurl=http://194.254.24.219/calendriers/azteques/images/moctezuma2.JPG&w=246&h=500&ei=9qmqUIixNIXaigKqoYG4Dg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=516&vpy=237&dur=25904&hovh=320&hovw=157&tx=71&ty=206&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=68&start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t:429,r:13,s:0,i:113aztec emperor. sent messengers to greet cortes and determine wether he was god or man, friend or foe. despite cortes's initial promise that he came in friendship, moctezuma quickly found himself prisoner in his own palace. in the battle, he was killed.

John Calvin

Period: Jan 1, 1509 to Jan 1, 1564

http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=22M61voDZ9l9bM:&imgrefurl=http://www.calvin500.com/john-calvin/biography/&docid=Vqwxtx_Z7KqVaM&imgurl=http://www.calvin500.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/john-calvin.png&w=210&h=267&ei=9vKqUMWqBeH9iwLP4oCgDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=362&vpy=179&dur=448&hovh=213&hovw=168&tx=93&ty=158&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=145&tbnw=115&start=0&ndsp=37&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:163became a highly influential protestant leader. calvinist teachings differed from that of roman catholics and lutherns and 2 reasons:calvin denied that even human faith could merit salvation. calvinst congregation elected their own governing commitees and in ties created regional and councils to regulat doctrinal issues. they also displayed simplicity in everthing they did and wore.
<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=GZiucuWwfxEsSM:&imgrefu

Spanich conquest of Mexico

Period: Jan 1, 1519 to Jan 1, 1521

During the Spanish campaign, Cortés allied with a number of the tributaries and rivals of the Aztecs, including the Totonacs, and the Tlaxcaltecas. After eight months of battles and intrigue, which overcame the diplomatic resistance of the Aztec Emperor Montezuma to his visit, Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519, where he took up residence.

reign of suleyman the magnificent

Period: Jan 1, 1520 to Jan 1, 1566

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=38aSLVCyAfgdoM:&imgrefurl=http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/s/suleyman-the-magnificent.html&docid=XlgbeLruFyHp7M&imgurl=http://www.findingdulcinea.com/docroot/dulcinea/fd_images/features/profiles/s/suleyman-the-magnificent/features/0/image.jpg&w=195&h=225&ei=SfCqUMzEM7DpiwKv2YAY&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=177&vpy=166&dur=220&hovh=180&hovw=156&tx=142&ty=46&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=157&tbnw=155&start=0&ndsp=31&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:88commanded the greatest ottoman assault on christian europe. he seemed unstopable as he conquered belgrade in 1521, excpelled the knights of the hospital of st. john from the islands of rhodes the following year, and laid siege to vienna in 1529.

Beginning of Portuguese slave trade

Jan 1, 1526

brought new social and political tensions. the corruption and deprivation of the kongo land is being depopulated becuase of this. the portugues supplying brazil and other places had nearly 30% of the atlantic slave trade. portugal controlled a significant amount of territory south of the kongo estuary at angola, the greates soarce of slaves for the atlantic trade

mughal dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 1526 to Jan 1, 1857

an imperial power in the indian subcontinent. the emperors were muslim and direct descendents of ghengis khan. in the late 17 and early 18 centuries they controlled most of the suncontinent. the reign of shab jahn the 5 emperor was the golden age of mughal architecture and the arts.
<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=ev0IRQhS2Ayj5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/taj_mahal/tlevel_1/t1_mughal.html&docid=0bqR8-N4s6URlM&imgurl=

Columbian exchange

Period: Jan 1, 1530 to Jan 1, 1770

the new worlds lack of immunity caused alot of deaths due to deseases brought from the old world, which introduced the new world: citrus fruits, melons, figs and sugar as well as onions, radishes and salad greens. the americas offered the old world: maize, potatoes, rice, beans, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts chilies and chocaltes.
<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=etcpiuoUDnG2OM:&imgrefurl=http://thehalfpinthistorian.blogspot.com/2

Songhai empire

Period: Jan 1, 1530 to Jan 1, 1770

loacted in west africa. religion: islam. araba italian and jewish merchants all gathered for trade. the economy was based on the clan system.
<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=iyA3kOGyEcZNxM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG&docid=d5mrtlMITmbAQM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/SONGHAI_empire_map.PNG&w=1580&h=988&ei=brOqUI-DO-KnigLa1YGgDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=183&vpy=190&dur=273&hovh=1

Council of Trent

Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=council+of+trent&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=208ADDDD7B4E4F9F2E0098607A9C4B7EAC2A8B18&selectedIndex=0a council that met in the sity of trent, in northern italy, in 3 sessions painstakingly distinguished proper catholic doctrines from protestant errors. the council also reaffirmed the supremacy of the pope and called for a number of reforms, including requiring each bishop to reside in his diocese and to have a theological seminary to train priest.<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=CkQ0MySWuhqh-M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Tr

reign akbar

Period: Jan 1, 1556 to Jan 1, 1605

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=fl8yA45zm6RYiM:&imgrefurl=http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-history-strategy/52038-greatest-mughal-emperor-5.html&docid=iNgKPti2lNPPgM&imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_NucKvRUh6j8/SCBxj0r9ygI/AAAAAAAAAAw/qM3PzvkgM-A/s320/13386503_1_akbar.jpg&w=220&h=226&ei=vO-qUPaHAYL2iwKXgoGwCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=853&vpy=158&dur=199&hovh=180&hovw=176&tx=85&ty=96&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=143&start=0&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:103akbar is baburs granson, a brilliant commercial man whose illiteracy betrayed his upbringing, established the central administration of the expanding state. all but the souther tip of india fell under mughal rule under him and 3 successors.

Galileo Galilei

Period: Jan 1, 1564 to Jan 1, 1642

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=galileo+galilei&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=0F661591344B259C2E8C3D35791037C5F13518AA&selectedIndex=0italian astronimer. the most brilliant of the copernicans. in 1609 he built a telescope through which he took a closer look at the heavens. able to magnify distant object 30 times beyond the power of the naked eye.
<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=yi3IJjPzrR2d5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.crystalinks.com/galileo.html&docid=iERb-QGlfequ8M&imgurl=http://www.crystalinks.com/galileo.jpg&w=260&h=319&ei=UauqULucJIi9iwKmroDYBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=68&sig=110374

tokugawa empire

Period: Jan 1, 1600 to Jan 1, 1868

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=tokugawa+empire&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=F6DD4E9343BBB728E978BCA8305368B16193493E&selectedIndex=2was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family.[2] This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was changed in 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1600 until 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration.

Thiry Years' war

Period: Jan 1, 1618 to Jan 1, 1648

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=thirty+years+war&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=4A0995D3938B11EE6FBB85E86A941298D36C423D&selectedIndex=0caused long lasting depopulation and economic delcine in much of the holy roman empire. however the wars also produce dramatic improvements in the skill of europeans armed forces and in their weaponing that arguably made them the most powerful in the world.
<a href='http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=FEaIsCYXZRze_M:&imgrefurl=http://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-9389283&docid=dQ4Pu3DC68zguM&imgurl=http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biogra

John Locke

Period: Jan 1, 1632 to Jan 1, 1704

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=705&tbm=isch&tbnid=u-XzwmNacGRaGM:&imgrefurl=http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/locke.html&docid=mUBlcX3SWwnb6M&imgurl=http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/images/jlocke2.jpeg&w=216&h=324&ei=-e-qUPyPHufyiQLxiIHYCw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=2&sig=110374810128978029084&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=94&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:160&tx=76&ty=104an english political philosepher. disputed monarchial claims to absolute authorityby divine right. he argued, rulers derived their authority from the consent of the governed, and like evryone else, were subject to the law.

qing dynasty

Period: Jan 1, 1644 to Jan 1, 1912

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=qing+dynasty&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=5514F2B07E1382A3380CCFC50226709A26266A4C&selectedIndex=0was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China

peter the great

Period: Jan 1, 1682 to Jan 1, 1725

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=peter+the+great&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=851BAC8F0768C3B05D99A567B01D4D4CA6035F72&selectedIndex=3ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother. In numerous successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a huge empire that became a major European power. According to historian James Cracraft, he led a cultural revolution that replaced the traditionalist and medieval social and political system with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system.

Englands Glorious Revolution

Jan 1, 1688

when king james the 2 refused to respect the parliaments rights and had his heir baptized a roman catholic, the leaders of parliament forced james into exile in the bloodless glorious revoltuion. james's overthrow in the glorious revoltution ended the suspension of the new england colonies. but not before colonist were provoked to resist and in some cases rebel.

russian empire

Period: Jan 1, 1721 to Jan 1, 1917

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=russian+empire&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=44C736BACB8CCEFAC944C07DA8D943D9CD4C0F24&selectedIndex=0was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the short-lived Russian Republic, which was in turn succeeded by the Soviet Union. One of the largest empires in world history, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires.