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3200 BCE
Krishna, The Supreme Being
Krishna is a major Hindu deity worshiped in a variety of different perspectives. Krishna is recognized as the Svayam Bhagavan in his own right or as the complete/absolute incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Krishna is one of the most widely revered... -
3000 BCE
The Silk Road
The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe. The term "Seidenstraße... -
2850 BCE
1st of the Three Emperors
Fu Xi or Fu Hsi of the San Huang Dynasty, was the first of the mythical Three Sovereigns of ancient China. He is a culture hero reputed to be the inventor of writing, fishing, and trapping. The Yi Jing -
2700 BCE
First stone pyramid built
The first stone pyramid was based off of the design of steps. The pyramid was created to be the temple for the pharaoh Djoser. It was made by stacking steps of stones on top of each other. -
2600 BCE
Pyramids of Giza Built
The pyramids of Giza may be the most famous of all pyramids from ancient Egypt. The three of them are known for the way they changed engineering in their time. The largest pyramid of Giza is known today as The Great Pyramid. -
2055 BCE
Mentuhotep II gained control of entire country
Throughout the First Intermediate Period and until Mentuhotep II's reign, the nomarchs held important powers over Egypt. Their office had become hereditary during the 6th Dynasty and the collapse of central power assured them complete freedom over their lands. -
1700 BCE
Hyksos rulers took control of Delta region
Traditionally, only the Fifteenth Dynasty rulers are called Hyksos. The Greek name "Hyksos" was coined by Manetho to identify the Fifteenth Dynasty of Asiatic rulers of northern Egypt. In Egyptian Hyksos means "ruler of foreign countries", however, Josephus mistranslated Hyksos as "Shepherd Kings". -
1500 BCE
Hatshepsut became pharaoh
A daughter of King Thutmose I, Hatshepsut became queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother, Thutmose II, around the age of 12. Upon his death, she began acting as regent for her stepson, the infant Thutmose III, but later took on the full powers of a pharaoh, becoming co-ruler of Egypt around 1473 B.C. -
753 BCE
The founding of Rome
Legend has it that on the 21st of April, brothers Romulus and Remus founded Rome. Romulus eventually kills Remus to become the first king and names the city after himself. The sons of a mortal priestess, Rhea Silvia, and the Roman god of war, Mars. -
600 BCE
Yin-Yang Symbol
The yin-yang symbol represents unity and duality, a universal dual monism. It is also inherent in the ancient Chinese system of divination of the I Ching (Book of Changes). It is basic to the teachings of Taoism, as embodied in the classic. -
550 BCE
Persian Empire, Achaemenid
The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550–330 B.C.E.), known as the Persian Empire, was the successor state of the Median Empire, expanding to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 B.C.E. stretched from the Asian borders. -
218 BCE
Hannibal invades
Hannibal of Carthage attacks Rome and invades Italy during the Second Punic War. This event started the second Punic war. He then marched his massive army across the Pyrenees and Alps into central Italy in what would be remembered as one of the most famous campaigns in history. -
80 BCE
Building of the Colosseum
One of the most iconic ancient buildings in Rome, the completion of the structure was a massive celebration. The building acted as a place to entertain the people of Rome with battles and Olympics. The building still stands today in Rome. -
45 BCE
Julius Caesar becomes a dictator
After Julius Caesar wins the civil war, he establishes himself as a dictator for life and supreme ruler of Rome, thus ending the Roman Republic. He was a Roman politician and a military general. He was assassinated on March 15, 44BC. -
27 BCE
The Roman Empire begins
Even though Caesar was a dictator, the first leader to call himself ''Emperor'' or Augustus was Octavius. Before the Roman Empire, was the Roman Republic. That lasted for 500 years before a Civil war led to the start of the Roman Empire -
476
The Fall of Western Roman Empire
The fall of Western Roman Empire is considered as the beginning of the Middle Ages. The last Roman emperor was Julius Nepos who was nominated by Eastern Emperor Zeno. Nepo’s rebellion magister militum Orestes dethroned Julius Nepos and declared his own son Romulus Augustus as the new Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. -
843
Treaty of Verdun
After his death, Louis the Pious was declared his successor who ruled as the Emperor of Romans. However, after his death, the Carolingian empire faced a Civil War because of the internal tussle between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious who struggled for the emperorship. At last, the Carolingian empire was divided in three parts in August 843 AD through the Treaty of Verdun which ended the three years long Civil War. -
1066
The Battle of Hastings
On 14th October 1066, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy defeated the last Anglo-Saxon king Harold II. William the Conqueror established the Norman Empire and to protect his empire, he rewarded all his Norman supporters who fought for him in the war with large piece of land of England. He divided all land of England in manors and established the feudal system and manoralism. -
1215
Declaration of Magna Carta
The Magna Carta Libertatum, or the Great Charter of Liberties of England was originally issued in 1215 AD. This charter is considered to be the first step towards the constitutional government of England. The Charter of Magna Carta restricted the power of the Emperor and proved the importance of a Constitution. -
1308
Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.
Inferno is the first part of Italian writer Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. It is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Inferno tells the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. -
1337
The Hundred Years’ War
The Hundred Years’ War began in 1337 when the Kingdom of England waged war against the Kingdom of France. While there were many periods of peace and ceasefire between England and France during the period, however, this war was continued again and again in different conflicts till 1453. -
1485
Henry VII becomes king of England beginning the reign of the House of Tudor.
Henery VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death on 21 April 1509. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. ... He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. -
1486
Boticelli completes the painting The Birth of Venus.
It has become a landmark of XV century Italian painting, so rich in meaning and allegorical references to antiquity. The theme comes from Ovid's Metamorphoses, a very important oeuvre of the Latin literature. -
1492
Explorer Christopher Columbus discovers the Americas.
Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. -
1495
Leonardo da Vinci paints the Last Supper.
The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially on Maundy Thursday. -
1519
Leipzig Debate
Luther debates Johann Eck (1486-1543), arguing that sola scriptura (scripture alone) is the basis for Christian faith and doctrine.The Leipzig Debate was a theological disputation originally between Andreas Karlstadt, Martin Luther, and Johann Eck. Karlstadt, dean of the Wittenberg theological faculty, felt he had to defend Luther against Eck's critical commentary on the 95 theses. -
1521
Diet of Worms
Luther appears at the Diet before Charles V, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to to answer charges of heresy. On refusing to recant, he is declared a heretic and formally excommunicated from the Catholic Church by Pope Leo X. Frederick III, Elector of Saxony ensures that Luther is taken to the Wartburg Castle for his own safety. -
1521
Defender of Faith
"Defender of the Faith" has been one of the subsidiary titles of the English and later British monarchs since it was granted on 11 October 1521 by Pope Leo X to King Henry VIII of England and Ireland. His wife Catherine of Aragon was also a Defender of the Faith in her own right. -
1529
Marburg Colloquy
Luther meets the Swiss Reformer Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) to discuss the issue of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Both parties are unable to come to an agreement, with Luther defending his view of a Sacramental Union of the body and blood and the bread and wine as opposed to the symbolic view of Zwingli. -
1543
Andreas Vesalius Publishes On The Fabric Of The Human Body
This is considered to be the first great modern work of science and the foundation of modern biology. In it, Vesalius makes unprecedented observations about the structure of the human body. It was a major advance in the history of anatomy over the long-dominant work of Galen, and presented itself as such. -
1546
Luther dies
Martin Luther dies at the age of 62, in Eisleben, Germany. Martin Luther, was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. His final words: We are beggars: this is true. -
Galileo Galilei Demonstrates The Properties Of Gravity
Galileo demonstrates, from the top of the leaning tower of Pisa, that a one- pound weight and a one hundred-pound weight, dropped at the same moment, hit the ground at the same moment, refuting the contention of the Aristotelian system that the rate of fall of an object is dependent upon its weight. He expounds fully on this demonstration years later in his 1638 Discourse on Two New Sciences. -
Galileo Publishes Messenger Of The Heavens
Galileo's 24-page booklet describes his telescopic observations of the moon's surface, and of Jupiter's moons, making the Church uneasy. The Inquisition soon warns Galileo to desist from spreading his theories. The church didn't like his theories because they contradicted their religion. -
Galileo Publishes Dialogue On The Two Chief Systems Of The World
Galileo's magnum opus uses the laws of physics to refute the Aristotelian contention that the Earth is the center of the solar system and supports the heliocentric Copernican view. Galileo presents the doctrine of uniformity, which claims that the laws of terrestrial physics are no different than the laws of celestial physics. -
Isaac Newton Publishes Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Perhaps the most important event in the history of science, the Principia lays out Newton's comprehensive model of the universe as organized according to the law of universal gravitation. The Principia represents the integration of the works of all of the great astronomers who preceded Newton, and remains the basis of modern physics and astronomy. -
First Central Bank established in England
It was primarily founded to fund the war effort against France. The King and Queen of the time, William and Mary, were two of the original stockholders. The original Royal Charter of 1694, signed by King William III, explained that the Bank was founded to 'promote the public Good and Benefit of our People'. -
Thomas Newcomen invented the first productive steam engine.
In 1712 Newcomen invented the world's first successful atmospheric steam engine. The engine pumped water using a vacuum created by condensed steam. It became an important method of draining water from deep mines and was therefore a vital component in the Industrial Revolution in Britain. -
Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations.
An important work of economic and social theory by Adam Smith, published in 1776. Its full title was Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In it he analysed the relationship between work and the production of a nation's wealth. -
The Third Estate (commoners) declares the National Assembly.
The Tennis Court Oath, 17 June 1789. This painting is by David. On June 17, the Third Estate decided to break from the Estates General and draw up their own constitution. This was the first step of the French Revolution, as the Third Estate had no right to act as the National Assembly. -
Tennis Court Oath
On 20 June 1789, the members of the French Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established". It was a pivotal event in the French Revolution. -
The French Revolution begins with the Storming of the Bastille.
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789. The medieval armory, fortress, and political prison known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris. The prison contained seven inmates at the time of its storming. -
The National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of man and of the Citizen.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is one of the most important papers of the French Revolution. This paper explains a list of rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and separation of powers. -
The Jacobin Club is formed
Its members become some of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. Jacobin, a member of a democratic club, established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4. -
Carkwright changes his huge factories over from water power to steam engines.
Steam engines allowed factories to move locations from riversides. The movement of the piston was then used to power a machine or turn a wheel. To create the steam, most steam engines heated the water by burning coal. The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution. Before steam power, most factories and mills were powered by water, wind, horse, or man. -
Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin
Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, which contributes to the success of cotton as a Southern cash crop -
10 million tons of coal mined in Great Britain.
Coal mines in the Industrial Revolution were deeper than ever before. Before the 18th century, coal was mined from shallow mines. However, as the Industrial Revolution gained speed, demand for fuel rapidly increased. -
Thomas Moore of Maryland invents the icebox refrigerator
A patent for a refrigerator (ice box) was granted to Thomas Moore and signed by President Thomas Jefferson. In 1802 Jefferson went to the Moore home in Montgomery County, Md to see the new Refrigeratory, and later bought one. Also, A Description of the Newly Invented Machine Called the Refrigerator. -
U.S. food canning industry established
Conventional canning as we know it today began with Nicolas Appert, the original Food in Jars guy. A Parisian confectioner and chef, Nicolas began experimenting with preservation during the late 1700s, and he successfully preserved foodstuffs, such as soups, vegetables, juices, and even dairy, more or less. It preserves food for a longer time. -
First grain elevator, Buffalo, NY
They created the grain elevators to help with the problem of unloading and storing grain that was being transported through the Erie Canal. The construction of the Erie Canal made it cheaper and faster for farmers to transport their products. After it was built, the amount of grain received each year in Buffalo had risen from 112,000 bushels to 2 million in fewer than ten years. -
Irrigation began in Utah
Irrigation In Utah. Early Irrigation Systems In July of 1847, Utah's pioneers arrived in the arid west from their rainy roots in the east. One of their initial tasks was to divert water from the Salt Lake valley streams for irrigation use. -
The Khodynka Tragedy
Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra were crowned Emperor and Empress of Russia on 26 May [O.S. 14 May] 1896. Four days later, a banquet was going to be held for the people at Khodynka Field. In the area of one town square, theaters, 150 buffets for distribution of gifts, and 20 pubs were built for the celebrations. Near the celebration square was a field that had a ravine and many gullies. On the evening of 29 May, people who had heard rumors of coronation gifts began to gather in anticipation. -
Tsar Alexander III dies
Tsar Alexander III dies after a sudden illness; his son Nicholas (Nicholas II) assumes the throne. Alexander III was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 until his death on 1 November [O.S. 20 October] 1894. He was highly conservative and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. -
Lenin Arrested
Lenin, future leader of the Bolsheviks, is arrested to be kept in solitary confinement for 13 months and then exiled to Siberia. The police arrested Lenin and accused him of being a ringleader in the demonstration. He was expelled from the university, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs exiled him to his family's Kokushkino estate. -
1905 Revolution and Bloody Sunday
On January 22, 1905, a group of workers led by the radical priest Georgy Apollonovich Gapon marched to the czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to make their demands. Imperial forces opened fire on the demonstrators, killing and wounding hundreds. Strikes and riots broke out throughout the country in outraged response to the massacre, to which Nicholas responded by promising the formation of a series of representative assemblies, or Dumas, to work toward reform. -
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
What Was the Significance of Franz Ferdinand's Assassination? In June 1914, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, traveled to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo in his role as Inspector General of the Armed Forces. But both he and his beloved wife, Sophie, would never return home. -
Austra-Hungary demands Serbia arrest the leaders of the Black Hand
To avenge the loss of their future leader, Austria-Hungary gives Serbia an ultimatum. It states that they must compensate for their loss and arrest the leaders of the terrorist group that killed their heir. They refused, and as a result, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. -
German troops enter Belgium
The actual invasion took place August 4, 1914. Before the Germans declared war on France, they needed free passage across Belgium. The German government demanded this, and even sent a letter to the Belgian government for a right of free passage. This would put German troops in position for a better attack on France, giving them the best chance at securing a victory. -
Great Britain declares war on Germany
Great Britain declares war on Germany because they marched through neutral Belgium. Germany broke the rules because they aren't supposed to go through neutral countries. They cut accross so they wouldn't have to fight two countries from two different directions. -
Brest-Litovsk Treaty
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. -
Treaty of Versailles signed
The Treaty of Versailles was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. It was signed on June 28, 1919, by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles and went into effect on January 10, 1920. Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles under protest, and the United States did not ratify the treaty.
