History of Title IX

By ecuellar

  • Civil Rights Act

    In 1964, Civil Rights Act goes into effect. This law prohibits the discrimination of any individual due to "race, color, sex, religion or nation origins" (American Educational History: A hypertext timeline, n.d.) Reference American educational history: A hypertext timeline (2018). Retrieved from http://www.eds-resources.com/educationhistorytimeline.html

  • Married Women not wanted in college

    In 1966, Luci Johnson was not allowed to re-enrolled at Georgetown University (school of nursing) due to getting married (Title IX: A sea change in gender equality in education, n.d.). During this time frame, women were barely allowed to obtain a higher education. Society expected women to be stay at home wives to tend the household. Reference Title IX: A sea change in gender equality in education (n.d). Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/TitleIX/part3.html

  • Women not allowed in college

    In the state of Virginia, women were not allow to attend the University of Virginia. It was not until this court case (Kirsten v. Rector and Visitors of University of Virginia) that the university allowed women in college (Title IX: A sea change in gender equality in education, n.d.) Although women were able to attend college in other states, Kirsten won a lawsuit for her rights to higher education.

  • Women not allow in college (Reference)

    Reference Title IX: A sea change in gender equality in education (n.d). Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/TitleIX/part3.html

  • Who is given credit for Title IX?

    Representative Edith Green given credit for drafting a legislation that prohibits sex discrimination in education (Valentin, 1997). Green was the first to propose to amending Title VI of Civil Rights Act to include sex discrimination and to include Equal Pay Act for all employes (Valentin, 1997). Reference
    Valentin, I. (1997). Title IX: A brief history. 25 years of Title IX. WEEA Digest. Department of Education, Washington, DC. Retrieved form https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED414271.pdf

  • Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

    In 1972, President Nixon signs into law that no student is to be discriminated due to sex within the education system. Educational systems include K-12 grades, colleges/university and any other educational aspect that receive federal funding for education (History of Title IX legislation, regulation and policy interpretation, n.d.). Reference History of Title IX legislation, regulation and policy interpretation (n.d.). Retrieved from http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/documents/history.pdf

  • Annual Reports

    In 1994, institutions are required to summit yearly reports to Title IX office. Annual reports are to be submitted to be in compliance with Title IX regulations.

  • Transgender Students

    In 2014, "transgender students are protected from gender discrimination under Title IX" (Title IX protection for transgender students, n.d.). Parents realized that schools were not being fair with students based on how the student identifies. Law states this a violation of students civil rights. Reference Title IX protections for Transgender Students (n.d.). Retrieved from https://education.findlaw.com/discrimination-harassment-at-school/title-ix-protections-for-transgender-students.html

  • Usage of Bathrooms for Transgender students

    Federal Government allowed schools districts to allow transgender students to used bathrooms according to students gender identity. Transgender students rights are now cover under Title IX.

  • Future of Title IX (Reference)

    Reference Hersher, R. & Johnson, C. (2017). Trump administration rescinds Obama rule on transgender students' bathroom use. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/22/516664633/trump-administration-rescinds-obama-rule-on-transgender-students-bathroom-use

  • Future of Title IX

    During the Trump administration, Trump order to remove institutional rights for transgender students that were allow under the Obama Administration (Hersher & Johnson, 2017). Could a new president or Trump if re-elected change policy regarding Transgender Students under Title IX? This change could easily be swayed depending who becomes the president and who the 7th member of the supreme court will be.