History of the World

By facebooker_1235228260730059
  • 10,000 BCE

    Beginnings of Agriculture in the Middle East

  • 9000 BCE

    Cultivation of wild cereals/graind in the Fertile Crescent

    The Fertile Crescent (Cradle of Civilisation) is the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Pursian Gulf, through modern-day souther Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northen Egypt.
    The place is regarded asthe birthplace of agriculture, urbanization, writing, trade, science, history and organized religion.
  • 9000 BCE

    Gobekli Tepe: earliest cultic site

  • 8000 BCE

    Ovens in use in the Near East are applied to pottery production

    Ovens used to parch cereal grains and to bake bread.
    It also allowed people to control fire and produce high temprature in enclosed facilities.
    From this period, ovens help to develop pottery
  • 8000 BCE

    Pre-Pottery Neolithic: Ceramics

  • 7500 BCE

    Clay tokens - a precursor to writing; Trade development

  • Period: 6750 BCE to 6000 BCE

    Hassuna/Samarra cultures

  • 6000 BCE

    Nineveh is found

    The city would become an important religious centre for worship of the goddesh Ishtar/Inanna (the goddes of love & war)
    The first people known to live there were the Hatti.
    Also Catalhoyuk was found.
    This period demonstrates that people started to settle down.
  • Period: 6000 BCE to 1750 BCE

    Sumerian Civilisation (Tigris-Euphrates Valley)

    Sumer was never a country (a cohesive political entity), but a region of city-states, where each state had its own King.
    They were located on the southern part.
    The name Sumer comes from Akkad languages, it means "land of the civilized kings". The Sumerians referred to their region as "the land" or "the land of the black-headed people". The origin of Sumerians is unknown
  • Period: 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE

    Halaf culture

  • Period: 6000 BCE to 5500 BCE

    Water Control System

    This period demonstrates numerous examples of man-made canals, storage basins (for dry-period irrigation), levees and dikes to defend from flooding
  • 5500 BCE

    Reed Boats

    To support trade along the rivers and Red Sea (bitumen).
  • 5400 BCE

    Sumerians: The City of Eridu is founded

    The city is thought to be created by gods who established order upon the earth with Eridu as the starting point.
    The city was home to the Great god Enki/Ea who would develop from the local god of fresh water into the god of wisdom and magic.
  • 5000 BCE

    Sumerians: Godin Tepe is settled

    The Godin Tepe (hill of Godin).
    The site was a Sumerian Period at that period.
    It became an important stop along the Great Khorasan road trade route (the Silk Road).
  • 5000 BCE

    Irrigation & Agriculture begin in earnest in Mesopotamia

    The irrogation of Agriculture is fully developed
  • Period: 5000 BCE to 4100 BCE

    Sumerian period: The Ubaid Period

    The origin of the people of Ubaid Period is unknown, nor their culture.
    But they probably founded the first communities which grew into the later cities and developed into city-states during the Uruk Period.
    The Ubaids give the first evidence of temple and other sophisticated architecture.
  • 4500 BCE

    Cultivation of wool-bearing sheep, First Sumerian temple

    At this period the Cultivation of wheat/grains & domestication of animals had long been practiced
  • 4500 BCE

    Sumerians: Uruk is founded

    According to the Sumerian King List, it was founded by King Enmerkar.
    The city is best known as the birthplace of writing as well as for its architecture and other cultural innovations.
    It is also famous for its great king Gilgamesh and the epic take of his quest for immortality.
    It is also considered to be the first true city in the world; and the first city to develop the cylinder seal (that was used to designate personal property or as a signature on documents.
  • 4400 BCE

    Mud-Brick Temples (Ziggurats) at Eridu, Tell Brak

  • Period: 4100 BCE to 2900 BCE

    Sumerian period: The Uruk Period

    The period when Uruk became the most influential city in Mesopotamia, as it was the urban center and the hub of trade and administration.
    Artificats from Uruk appear at virtually every excavated site throughout Mesopotamia and even in Egypt.
    The City was divided into two sections: the Eanna District and the older Anu Disctrict (Inanna's grandpa).
    The famous mask of Warka The Lady of Uruk was found there too, and considered a likeness of Inanna.
  • 3999 BCE

    First settlement of Ur

  • 3600 BCE

    Sumerians: invention of writing in Uruk

  • Period: 3500 BCE to 2900 BCE

    Gwara Period

    Tepe Gwara was the site that probably was found by the Halaf culture.
    The Tepe Gwara was inspired by the Ubaidian culture, and illustrates the transition from early Chalcolithic farming villages to complex settlements with mud-brick houses, stamp seals, the first metal objects, and monumental architecture.
  • 3400 BCE

    Priests become the rulers in Mesopotamian cities

  • 3200 BCE

    Sumerians: The start of wheel on vehicles

  • 3000 BCE

    Sumerians: mathematics (numbers with the base 60)

  • Period: 3000 BCE to 2900 BCE

    Mari is built

    The city is one of the earliest known planned cities.
    It is considered to be a trade hub, and copper and bronzeg-smelting centre.
  • Period: 2900 BCE to 2334 BCE

    Sumerian period: The Early Dynastic Period

    The Period when the rise of the kings took place.
    As well as, establishment of government and bureaucracy, and conflict between Sumerian city-states for land & water rights.
  • 2700 BCE

    War: Sumer VS Kishar

    The first war between Enembaragesi of Kish, who led Sumer against Elam.
    The Sumerians won and sacked the cities of Elam.
  • 2700 BCE

    Sumerians: King Gilgamesh in Ur

  • 2500 BCE

    First Dynasty of Lagash

    The King Eannutum is the first empire in Mesopotamia
  • 2500 BCE

    Sumerians: The Royal Cemetery at Ur

  • Period: 2500 BCE to 2330 BCE

    War: Sumer VS Elam

    During this period, the king Eannatum would reconquer parts of Elam in 2500 BCE.
    And Lugalzagesi would do the same in 2330.
    But they could never fully control the SUmerian city-states.
  • 2400 BCE

    Sumerians: Earliest sources to mention migration Amorities in Mesopotamia

  • 2350 BCE

    Sumerians: First code of Laws by Urukagina, king of Lagash

  • Period: 2334 BCE to 2218 BCE

    The Akkadian Empire

    Sumerian language is replaced by the Akkadian as the primary spoken language in Mesopotamia.
  • Period: 2334 BCE to 2279 BCE

    Sargon of Akkad (the Great)

    The Akkadian king that reigns over Mesopotamia and thus creates the world's first empire.
    Sargon means "true king". After conquering all Sumerian cities, he found the capital city of his own, Akkad; and adopts a new title "King of the Nation".
  • 2330 BCE

    Sargon of Akkad sacks Urk

  • Period: 2218 BCE to 2047 BCE

    Sumerian period: The Gutian Period

  • Period: 2218 BCE to 2047 BCE

    The Guitan Period in Sumer

  • Period: 2150 BCE to 1400 BCE

    Sumerians: The Tales of Gilgamesh

    Sumerians:
  • 2100 BCE

    Sumerians: The Reign of UTu-Hegal at Uruk, Creating of Sumerian King List

  • Period: 2100 BCE to 2050 BCE

    Sumerians: The Code of Ur-Nammu (code of laws)

  • 2099 BCE

    Sumerians: Ziggurats in Eridu, Uruk, Ur, Nippur etc

  • Period: 2083 BCE to 2050 BCE

    The Dark Age of Mesopotamia

  • Period: 2055 BCE to 2047 BCE

    Utu Hegal's reigning over Sumerian and Akkadian cities

  • Period: 2047 BCE to 1750 BCE

    Sumerian period: The Ur III Period/The Sumerian Renaissance

  • Period: 2047 BCE to 2029 BCE

    Sumerians: Ur-Nammu's reign

  • Period: 2047 BCE to 1750 BCE

    Sumerian Rennaisance period, Third dynasty of Ur

  • 2038 BCE

    Sumerians: King Shulgi or Ur buils his great wall

  • 2000 BCE

    Domestication of horses

  • 2000 BCE

    Sumerians: Elamities capture Ur

  • Period: 1760 BCE to 1757 BCE

    Babylonian: Mari was ruined by Hammurabi