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Invention of the microscope
Although it is uncertain exactly when the microscope was invented and who invented it, Hans and Zacharias Jansen were the most mentioned names. (Pictured is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscope) -
The phrase "cell" was created
Robert Hooke was the first to describe and coin the phrase "cell" when observing a slice of cork (bark from an oak tree) using a microscope power of 30X. -
Antoni van Leeuwenhook discovered "little animals" through a microscope.
These little animals were protozoas. -
Achromatic lenses were invented
Achromatic lenses for spectacles were invented by Chester Moore Hall and they created the start of a big improvement in microscopic technology. -
General cell theory was proposed
C.F. Wolff of Germany was responsible for this. -
Small high power achromatic lenses were created for microscopes
Jan and Harmanus van Deyl were the first to create those types of lenses and they started to commercially produce them by the beginning of the 19th century. This was a big advancement in microscopic technology because before then, microscopes didn't show a very clear picture of whatever was being studied. -
The nucleus was named an essential feature of cells in plants and animals
Robert Brown discovered this. -
It was discovered that plants are made up of cells
Matthias Jakob Schleiden was the first to discover that all plants are composed of cells. -
It was discovered that all cells come from other cells.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden discovered this -
It was discovered that ALL living things are made up of cells
Theodor Schwann wrote the book "Microscopic Investigations on the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Plants and Animals" which stated that all living things are made up of cells. -
Mitochondria was discovered
Von Kolliker made this discovery. -
It was suggested that all living cells must rise from pre-existing cells
Rudolf Virchow elaborated on the work done by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann and proposed that all living cells come from pre-existing cells. Everyone thought it was crazy because they believed that nonliving matter could spontaneously generate living tissue. -
Mendel's laws were created
Mendel announced his theories of heredity, known as Mendel’s Laws. -
DNA was discovered
DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher -
Walther Flemming discovers mitosis
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Oil immersion objective lens was invented
Carl Zeiss Jena created the first oil immersion objective lens. -
Chromosomes were discovered
Walther Fleming uses dyes to stain cells and upon examination, he finds rods that he calls chromosomes. -
It was discovered that bacteria causes diseases
Robert Koch discovered that bacteria and micro bacteria caused disease. -
It's discovered that members of the same species have the same number of chromosomes.
Edouard van Beneden discovered this. -
It's proposed that heredity is transmitted by a substance of chemical and molecular constitution
August Weismann was the German scientist who proposed this theory. -
Apochromat immersion lens was invented
Hugh Powell invented the apochromat immersion lens which corrects the appearance of distortion. -
Alfred Sturtevant began constructing a chromosomal map for fruit flies
He completed it in 1951. -
Electron Microscope was invented
Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska constructed the first electron microscope. It magnifies the specimen by using a beam of electrons. -
The phase contrast microscope was invented
The Dutchman Zernike invented the phase contrast microscope. -
Commercial microscope is finally brought to the market
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It's discovered that DNA is the only thing responsible for heredity.
American scientist Oswald Avery made this discovery. -
A new scientific branch is created
Francis Crick and James Watson along with Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin start a new scientific branch called molecular biology -
Differential interference contrast (DIC) system was patented
Differential interference contrast (DIC) system was patented by Georges Nomarsky. It was a well known contrast enhancing method. -
Atomic Force Microscope is invented
Atomic Force Microscope is invented and it measures force instead of current. -
DNA fingerprinting was created
The first crime conviction based on DNA fingerprinting, in Portland Oregon.
