Key Moments in the Development of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (up to 800 CE)

  • 3761 BCE

    The Hebrew Calendar Begins

    The Hebrew Calendar Begins
    The Hebrew Calendar starts when Creation is said to have happened. Creation is the story of God creating the universe and the first humans, Adam and Eve. Genesis 1:1 states, "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth," and Genesis 1: 26 further says, "Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image. . . and let them have dominion. . . over all the earth. . ."
  • 2150 BCE

    The Flood/Noah's Ark

    The Flood/Noah's Ark
    Discussed in Genesis 6:9, Noah's Ark and The Great Flood refer to God's first cleansing of the earth. It is an important event in the history of Judaism and Christianity as it is God's first promise of many and demonstrates God's mercy and commitment to good which is the basis of these two Abrahamic religions.
  • 1743 BCE

    Abraham's Covenant

    Abraham's Covenant
    In Genesis 12, God promises to bless Abraham and all of his descendants, making them His Chosen People. This event is significant in Jewish faith as it is god's promise to protect them from evil as long as they only follow Him. Abraham is still seen as the father of the Jewish people.
  • Period: 1500 BCE to 1280 BCE

    The Jews are enslaved by the Egyptians

    Torah's Book of Exodus chapters talk about how the Jews were gravely mistreated by Egyptians during this time. According to Exodus 1:13, "And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour." The relationship between the Israelites and the Egyptians is significant as it leads up to Moses's covenant which frees the Israelites and introduces their Promised land.
  • 1280 BCE

    Moses's Covenant & The Ten Commandments

    Moses's Covenant & The Ten Commandments
    In Exodus 19, Moses talks to God at Mount Sinai through the Burning Bush. God says that if the Israelites obey him, he will bring them to a Promised Land. God also bestows the Ten Commandments to the Israelites which is significant as they are instructions for how Jews, and later Christians, should live. Philo, Life of Moses describes the life of Moses and his role in the development of Judaism.
  • 4 BCE

    Jesus is Born

    Jesus is Born
    Although it would take decades for Christianity to become its own religion a part from Judaism, Jesus's birth marked the beginning of that process as the religion begins with Jesus being the Son of God.
  • Period: 4 BCE to 30

    Jesus and his preaching to the Jewish people

    Luke 2 describes Jesus's birth. Jesus's birth and his subsequent preachings are the start of a new religion, Christianity forming. The four gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John detail Jesus's life. There are also other records of Jesus and how Christians viewed Jesus such as Pliny's Letter to Trajan.
  • 30

    Crucifixion of Jesus Christ

    Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
    The various gospels: Mark 15:24, Luke 23:33, John 19:18, and Matthew 27:35 all refer to Jesus being crucified, although not much else is shared. Then, other accounts such as Polycarp's Letter to the Philippians discusses Jesus's resurrection. These events are significant in Christian history as they stand as part of the foundation of the faith: that Jesus died for the sins of His people.
  • 35

    Conversion of Paul

    Conversion of Paul
    Paul, who at first persecuted Jesus Christ followers, eventually converted to Christianity. He plays a significant role in Christian history as he came to be the leading figure in spreading the Gospel of Jesus. He also fought heterodoxy and helped people come back to the church. This is evident in his 1st Letter and 2nd Letter to the Corinthians written between 53 and 55 CE.
  • Period: 50 to 150

    The New Testament is Written

    The New Testament records the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and His disciples. Christians view the New Testament as sacred text that is to be followed as well as the fulfillment of the Old Testament's promise. The New Testament is significant in Christian history as it marks the distinction between Christianity and Judaism.
  • 70

    Significant battles in the separation of Christianity as a religion

    Significant battles in the separation of Christianity as a religion
    The first Jewish-Roman War and the Destruction of the Second Temple were major events propelling the separation of Christianity and Judaism. The Roman-Jewish Wars and especially the destruction of the Temple symbolized the destruction of Judaism. The Jews were expelled from their homeland and many decided to convert to Christianity, which worshipped the same God but became "safer" to practice at the time.
  • 313

    Edict of Milan is Issued

    Edict of Milan is Issued
    In Pliny's Letter to Trajan, written around 112 CE, we learn the Roman Empire's attitude and policy toward the Church. Thus, with the Edict of Milan making Christianity an official religion within the Empire, we can see how Christianity grew to become too different from Judaism and too large to be ignored.
  • 570

    Muhammad is Born

    Muhammad is Born
    Muhammad's birth is significant because, in Islam, he is Allah's chosen prophet. His teachings spread Islam far and wide.
  • Period: 570 to 632

    Life of Muhammad, Allah's Prophet

    Muhammad's life and teachings, recounted in the Quran, are so important because he, according to Islamic faith, is the recipient and messenger of the word of God. Islam began because of Muhammad's divine revelation and him sharing those revelations with the people around him. Apart form the Quran, the Sunnah and the Hadith are also about Muhammad's teachings and life.
  • 622

    Muhammad migrates to Medina

    Muhammad migrates to Medina
    Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina for religious freedom. This migration is famously known as the hijrah. Quran 16:41 states, "[God says] 'And those who emigrated for [the cause of] God after they had been wronged - We will surely settle them in this world in a good place. . . " This move marks the first community of Muslims and is the beginning of a new religion showing rapid growth and success which is why it is significant.
  • 650

    Quran is Written

    Quran is Written
    The Islamic faith is guided by its holy book, the Quran. Considered sacred word, it details the Five Pillars of Islam and all the teachings and guidance Allah imparted on his prophet, Muhammad. Central to the Quran is worshipping only Allah: "In the name of Allah, most benevolent, ever-merciful, all praise be to Allah, Lord of all the worlds. . ."(Quran 1)