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Thermometer
Galileo Galilei designs a basic thermometer.
(http://www.explainthatstuff.com/thermometers.html ) -
Space Telescopes
Galileo Galileo builds a practical telescope and makes new astronomical discoveries.
(http://www.explainthatstuff.com/electromagnetic-spectrum.html) -
Period: to
Barometers
Galileo's pupil Evangelista Torricelli builds the first mercury barometer for measuring air pressure. -
Pendulum Clocks
Christian Huygens develops the pendulum clock (using Galileo's earlier discovery that a swinging pendulum can be used to keep time).
(http://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-pendulum-clocks-work.html) -
Motion
Isaac Newton formulates his three laws of motion.
(http://www.explainthatstuff.com/motion.html) -
Tractors
English farmer Jethro Tull begins the mechanization of agriculture by inventing the horse-drawn seed drill. -
Piano
Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano. -
Steam Engines
Thomas Newcomen builds the first practical (but stationary) steam engine. -
Zinc
William Champion develops a commercially viable process for extracting zinc on a large scale. -
Nickel
Axel Cronstedt isolates nickel. -
Quartz clocks ans watches
John Harrison develops reliable chronometers (seafaring clocks) that allow sailors to measure longitude accurately for the first time. -
Titanuim
Reverend William Gregor, a British clergyman and amateur geologist, discovers a mysterious mineral that he calls menachite. Four years later, Martin Klaproth gives it its modern name, titanium. -
paper
Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier develop the papermaking machine. -
Xenon Lamps
Humphry Davy develops the electric arc lamp. -
Stirling Engines
Robert Stirling invents the efficient Stirling engine. -
Photography Digital cameras
Joseph Niepce makes the first modern photograph. -
rubber
Charles Goodyear finally perfects a durable form of rubber (vulcanized rubber) after many years of unsuccessful experimenting. -
fax Machines
Scotsman Alexander Bain invents a primitive fax machine based on chemical technology. -
Iron and Steel
Henry Bessemer pioneers a new method of making steel in large quantities. -
Radio
James Clerk Maxwell figures out that radio waves must exist and sets out basic laws of electromagnetism. -
Elevators
Elisha Graves Otis invents the elevator with built-in safety brake. -
Typewriters
Christopher Latham Sholes invents the modern typewriter and QWERTY keyboard. -
Turbines
Lester Pelton invents a useful new kind of water turbine known as a Pelton wheel. -
Telephones
Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone, though the true ownership of the invention remains controversial even today. -
Flares
Edward Very invents the flare gun (Very pistol) for sending distress flares at sea.
