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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
After the Brown v. Board of Education case ruling passed it opened the doorway for students of different backgrounds to be advocated for regarding future legislation. This includes the ESEA act which passed in favor of granting equal access and opportunities for students whose basic needs weren't being met in public school education. A component of the ESEA related to individuals with disabilities which encouraged the states to consider these students and create and improve programs for them. -
Education of the Handicapped Act
Since the ESEA encouraged the states to consider disabled students by creating programs that would benefit them, there were more programs being implemented. The Education of the Handicapped Act was later developed as an extension of the ESEA programs for the disabled. This Act continued to contribute to the learning of students with exceptionalities by focusing on ways to support their learning by creating individualized educational plans to cater to their needs. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Common Wealth of Pennsylvania
Around the 1950's, students with disabilities were still being denied access to public education. They were being forced to stay home and not receive the necessary means of education to support their learning and extend their knowledge. It was believed that they were unable to learn because of their "limited intelligence or incapacity to learn". PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania challenged the exclusion of these students from public education. After this act, the state was not able to deny. -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
The Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia insisted for the state to require schools to go into more detail about the education that was to be provided for students with disabilities. This includes the curriculum, class objectives, supplemental services that were to be given to these students to support their learning. A review of the student's status is to also be provided to create plans for their overall learning. -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
The Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School Distract v. Rowley was a case that highlighted what a pertinent public education was to look like for students with exceptionalities. This was ruled based on the case of Amy Rowley who used a hearing aid and had an interpreter during class. The ruling of this case required for the state to provide adequate support for students at a basic level like non-disabled students in their class. -
Honig v. Doe
The Honig v. Doe case ruled that schools could not expel students because of any behavior disorders due to their disability. Which means that even students with any disruptive behaviors related to their disability cannot be removed from schools. This ruling is important as it protects the right of emotionally disabled students to public education.
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/484/305/ -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is in favor of providing students with disabilities appropriate education through special education and other supplemental services. This Act has provided more opportunities for individuals with disabilities for advancement in education and other general welfare areas. In all, this Act is a landmark in legislation as it heavily impacted this community of individuals with exceptionalities significantly.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAtElRDeJwQ -
Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.
The Cedar Rapids V. Garret F. case ruled that disabled students must be provided with supportive means for their education without any extra costs. Specifically, this case was based on Garret who became paralyzed at the age of 4 from his neck down. Garret's mental state was not affected but he needed special services to help him attend his classes. -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District
The Winkelman v. Parma City School District case ruling allowed for more representation of disabled children in court rulings. Parents would now be allowed to represent the needs of their children with special needs in court. This ruling was a huge advancement in the movement for special needs education that gave students with exceptionalities a voice. -
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District
The Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District ruled that for schools to meet their requirements they must provide individualized educational plans that are specific to meet the needs of students with disabilities and track their progress. These plans need to include both instructional and behavioral goals that will be challenging to ensure that the student is learning and expanding their knowledge. Their instruction is to be better suited for more learning not only to meet their basic needs.