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Brown v. Board of Education
While not specifically related to special education, this landmark Supreme Court case declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. It set a precedent for equal educational opportunities for all students. -
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Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
This case was significant in establishing that children with disabilities have a right to a free, appropriate public education. It laid the groundwork for future special education legislation. -
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Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
Also known as Public Law 94-142, this law was the first federal legislation guaranteeing all children with disabilities access to a free and appropriate public education. It mandated the creation of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for each student with a disability. -
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Handicapped Children's Protection Act
This law amended the Education for All Handicapped Children Act to extend its coverage to children with disabilities who attend private schools. -
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
While not specific to education, the ADA prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including employment, transportation, and public accommodations. It furthered the cause of inclusion and accessibility in education. -
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This reauthorization of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act added several important provisions, including the requirement for transition services to help students with disabilities prepare for life after high school. -
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IDEA Amendments
These amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act expanded the provisions for students with disabilities, including more focus on access to the general education curriculum and increased accountability for student performance. -
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IDEA Reauthorization
This reauthorization strengthened the accountability provisions of IDEA, emphasized the importance of early intervention services, and clarified the requirements for highly qualified special education teachers. -
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Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA)
This act expanded the definition of disability under the ADA, making it easier for individuals to qualify for protection under the law. It furthered the goal of equal access and accommodation for individuals with disabilities. -
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Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
While not solely focused on special education, this law replaced the No Child Left Behind Act and included provisions aimed at improving outcomes for all students, including those with disabilities. It emphasized accountability, flexibility, and support for struggling schools.