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Jesse B. Davis
Jesse Buttrick Davis is considered to be the first school counselor after implementing a systematic guidance program in Michigan Public Schools (Pope, 2011). He introduced a vocational guidance curriculum that would be infused into secondary education English classes (Cinotti, 2014). -
NVGA Created
The National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA) was created on October 21st, 1913, in hopes to provide support in effective vocational placement and training. This was first prolific in cities such as Boston and New York (Cinotti, 2014). -
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Pupil Personnel Services
The concept of guidance services emerged through an organizational structure called Pupil Personnel Services. The field of school counseling had moved from a position with a list of duties to a position with a list of duties organized by guidance services all under the overall structure of pupil personnel services (Gysbers, 2010). All of this is to increase development of students through education. -
Vocational Education Act of 1946
The Vocational Education Act of 1946 was a federal legislation that increased funding for vocational education and vocational counseling. It also called for standardized certification for counselors (Gysbers, 2010). -
ASCA Formed
The American School Counselor Association was formed. -
NDEA Formed
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was formed. With it, Title V funded money for training secondary school counselors and funded guidance and counseling institutes to train these counselors (Granello & Young, 2019) -
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Counseling Gained Foothold
Counseling services gained an institutional foothold throughout the 1960's with dozens of counseling and guidance departments beginning to grow in colleges of education (Granello & Young, 2019). -
"A Nation at Risk"
The National Commission of Excellence published, "A Nation at Risk." It was a report that discussed the decline in quality of education across schools in America. This is when standardized testing coordination duties were assigned specifically for the school counselor (Cinotti, 2014). -
From Guidance to School
Federal legislation finally acknowledged the switch from naming a guidance counselor a
school counselor. Legislation also emphasized the importance of elementary school counselors
(Gysbers, 2010). -
ASCA National School Counseling Model
The American School Counselor Association releases a national school counseling model as a reference. Many states immediately adopted this model, which is still being used today (Gysbers,
2010). -
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ASCA Revised Models
The American School Counselor Association revised the national school counseling model three times: In 2005, 2013, and most recently in 2019. The most significant edition was the 4th in 2019, which revamped the language to reflect the current state of education (Gysbers,
2010).