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Early religious schools
Mandated education begins -
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Continued struggle for equality
Struggle for quality, equal education for women, Native Americans and African Americans -
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District schools
One-room district schools most common institutions -
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Common schools
Common schools pioneered by Horace Mann, bringing about the first state board of education -
WI School Law
Elementary education free for children ages 4-20 -
Morrill Act
Land grant colleges formed -
Bilingual Edu. Act
Designed to provide assistance to non-English speaking children, but fell short of actual educational equity for Hispanic and Chinese students, among others -
Carlisle School
Cultural replacement in Native American education -
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Women's rights
Women gain status and recognition in the field of education, with Ella Flagg Young becoming the first superintendent of an American school system -
Second Morrill Act
Eliminated exclusions for black Americans; George Washington Carver attended Iowa State Univ in 1891 -
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Assimilation and acculturation
Schools focued on these for immigrant children iin the early 20th century -
Early 1900's
business/factory model implemented; tracking as a result of IQ testing -
Progressivism
Dewey pushes for individualism, social responsibility and life experiences. Focus is on cooperation and communication, and attempted to eliminate traditional curriculum -
Post WWII: Basics and Systemic Instruction
"Back to the Basics" movement, with cometition and suspicion regarding communism and the Cold War. Included the NDEA to strengthen math and science skills, as well as Flesch's focus on literacy. Push toward including technology, with standards-based design as a present outcome -
Brown v. Board of Edu
Prohibit school segregation based on race. Start of civil rights in the school system, which was not always peaceful -
ESEA
Compensatory education and the equalization of educational opportunity for all children, even those living in poverty -
Humanistic education
Includes free, open and deschooling...existentialist beliefs focused on independence and individual freedom. Criticized traditional curriculum and teacher roles. Resulted in lowered test scores, illiteracy and the need for remedial education for employees -
A Nation At Risk
Belief that national security is jeapardized as a result of 1970's educational philosophy. Stress need for basic skills and technological literacy -
No Child Left Behind/Back to Basics...again
Reformat of ESEA to provide quality education for all populations, including the underserved and undereducated.. Back to basics again with higher standards, more substantive curriculum and achievement tests. Look to hold schools and educators accountable