History of planet Earth

Formation of original earth Roughly 5 billion years ago

50 BCE

The formation of the original earth took hundreds of millions of years of small gatherings of dust and elements. This process took so long as the small objects had next to no gravitational pull towards each-other, causing the first few kilograms to take immensely longs, but as time went on, a snowball effect occured due to Earth's increasing gravitational field.

4.6 Billion BCE Earth's estimated date of formation

46 BCE

As a smaller unknown planet crash into another, larger unknown planet, being the last massively changing space rock to hit Earth. Fragments of this rock then went on to form the moon. This number may change one day, as 4.6 billion years is currently the oldest rock we have found, and then measuring the half life of the elements of the rock allow us a rough estimate of when the rock was last heavily modified.

Oldest rock found on earth 4.4 billion years ago

44 BCE

This date marks the solidification of the oldest rock found on earth.

Initial Condensation of Water 4.3 Billion years ago

43 BCE

4.3 Billion years ago, the earth was cool enough to begin having water turn into a liquid, beginning a formation of water basins that were to become oceans in coming events.

First life on earth appears 3.8 billion years ago

38 BCE

3.8 Billion years ago, life began forming due to a combination of meteors with amino acids and minerals hitting the earth, but also due to the underwater chimneys that began forming, somehow creating life out of "thin water"

Volcanos and islands begin appearing out of the water 3.8 billion years ago

38 BCE

During this time, the first islands began poking out of the vast ocean that covered earth's surface, whether that be because of volcanos or smaller tides. This is also when the first volcanos started forming, most likely before the islands, as that is where the land came from.

Large forms of life begins appearing 3.5 billion years ago

35 BCE

Estimated 3.5 Billion years ago, the earth began getting more advanced forms of life, with things called stromatolites, which were bacteria that grouped up and slowly collected. The bacteria used photosynthesis in order to feed themselves. This transformation of CO2 and H2O with sunlight to produce Glucose causes it to produce oxygen as a bi-product, which then goes in the ocean. These stromatolites can still be found in places such as Australia, which they are a tourist attraction.

Formation of Iron-rich rock at the bottom of the ocean 3.5 billion years ago

35 BCE

The Oxygen from the stromatolites causes traces of iron in the water to form into small clumps of rust, which slowly fall to the bottom of the ocean, causing iron rich deposits which will one day be used by humans.

Tectonic crust is formed due to the core's temperature 1.5 billion years ago

15 BCE

Due to the contrasting heat difference from the crust and the core of the earth, this causes movement in the core, causing the plates to break apart, which force islands to collide to form larger land masses, eventually causing the formation of Pangea. The days are now 18 hours long, and the temperature is still a blistering 85 degrees. There is still no vegetation on the planet, the surface completely barren.

The Earth's supercontinent splits up due to tectonic plates, 750 million years ago.

7 BCE

Due to the super hot core, the tectonic plates are constantly moving, causing the supercontinent to rip apart. Due to this tectonic movement, mass amounts of volcanos come into existence on the surface, pumping mass amounts of carbon dioxide into the air, which when combined with the water in the air, caused acid rain to begin to fall.

Carbon dioxide is absorbed into rocks, causing a lack of heat retention, 10000 years after 750000 years ago.

7 BCE

Due to the acid rain, which caused the absorption of the Carbon Dioxide into the rocks, this brought upon a massive ice age, plunging the temperature to -60 degrees. This period is known by some scientists as the beginning of "snowball earth" which was in reference to how this was the longest and coldest ice age ever recorded. Massive walls of ice started covering the planet, reflecting even more light off of earth. These went away from the poles and towards the equator.

The earth is covered in a massive ice sheet. 650 million years ago

6 BCE

The earth is now covered in a 10000 foot thick ice wall, which is reflecting even more of the sun's light. Ice has completely entombed the planet.

Volcanoes penetrate the ice sheet covering the earth, causing CO2 to be released again. 640 million years ago.

6 BCE

As the ice sheet covered earth's surface, volcanoes still erupted, but even their heat could not damage the ice sheet. Finally, after tens of millions of years, the volcanoes were able to finally push through the ice sheet, releasing billions of tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere, forming a pseudo atmosphere, allowing temperatures to rise, causing the ice to melt.

Earth's atmosphere begins cooling, 600 million years ago.

6 BCE

The days are now 22 hours long, the atmosphere has quite a bit more oxygen, and the temperature is roughly 35 degrees. Due to this water forming, as well as the oxygen and temperature, fauna life was prospering, as a few bacteria were able to survive the "snowball earth" and gathered up to form fauna, and even some lifeforms, such as small slugs with thick shells.

Dispersing of the ice on the surface of the earth 540 million years ago

5 BCE

During the "great snowball", scientists speculate that the ice sheet pushed the crust down, but as it recedes, the crust pops back up, causing fissures to appear on the surface, which causes more volcanoes to rise up, increasing the temperature, causing faster receding, and another snowball effect began occurring, which began also creating massive amounts of oxygen, due to the hydrogen peroxide breaking down.

Cambrian explosion, 500 million years ago

5 BCE

The vast increase of oxygen caused an explosion of life in the ocean, known as the Cambrian explosion. The increase in oxygen allowed for much larger lifeforms to begin to form, such as the ancestor of the horseshoe crab, the trilobite, as well as worms and types of sponges. Many of these creatures are ancestors of modern day animals.

New Continent is created, 460 million years ago

4 BCE

460 million years ago, due to the moving of the earth's crust, a new continent has formed, Guandana. Oxygen levels are almost normal, and the temperature is 90 degrees. There is not much on the surface but some algae. The reason for this is that the sun is still blasting radiation onto the ground, killing most of whatever is on it. However, an affect of this radiation hitting oxygen molecules is that they begin to form into a new element, ozone, which is able to deflect these rays.

First pedal animal on the surface of the earth, 340 million years ago.

3 BCE

This marks one of the most important events in the means of life on earth, which is the first creature to walk on the surface. It uses fins as legs, and breaths oxygen. These "tetrapods" will later evolve into

Permian extinction begins, 280 million years ago.

2 BCE

The Permian extinction is one of the greatest extinction events to every take place, killling 96 and 70 precent of marine and terrestrial life respectively. Most scientists speculate that this was caused due to multiple factors, coming in multiple "pulses" of killing, the first which was believed to be a mass strike of meteors, massive amounts of volcanos popping up, which was added with Siberian Traps, and then a runaway greenhouse effect caused by the releasing of methane from the sea floor.

Pangea forms, the last supercontinent, 200 million years ago.

2 BCE

After the recession of the Siberian Traps, methane and meteoric events, life begins to spring from the new supercontinent Pangea, for example, many of the first dinosaurs became what they were from the species that survived the eruption. However, it does not last long, as 10 million years later, Pangea breaks apart.

New and Old world distanced greatly, 150 million years ago.

1 BCE

150 million years ago, there was finally, after 30 million years of seperation, very substantial separation between North America and Africa. What can be also noted from this time is the amount of new sea floor being created from the very active tectonic plates.

Indian and Asian plates collide, 47 million years ago.

1 BCE

Due to this collision of plates, there is a 15 mile long mountain range, known today as the Himalayans, which in it, has "China and India's water tower", Mount Everest, with it's snow melting into water that is drank by almost 3 billion people.

Asteroid size of Everest hits earth, 65 million years ago

1 BCE

A massive asteroid, 6 miles across and traveling at over 40000 miles an hour, hits the now Gulf of Mexico. This rock travels so fast that it would enter the atmosphere and hit the earth in the blink of an eye. The debris from the asteroid has size comparable to housing complexes, or city blocks. The earth then gets hit by the old 1-2, with shrapnel from the asteroid turning into hypersonic meteors. This meteor causes the earth's surface to over 500 degrees.

No more remarkable geological events happen past this point, 20 million years ago.

1 BCE

20 million years ago marks the end of any more substantial geological events, as the plate tectonics slowed down, and the only thing left to happen is the evolution of all the animals on our planet today.

Rock claims

1 CE

Based on this information given, we can assume that uranium began cooling around 4.4 billion years ago and began it's half life.
W/O jack hills data
Based on the evidence given, we can assume that the Earth is anywhere from 4.3 to 4 billion years old. The oldest date can be based off of the Nuvvenagittuq data, which has a maximum age of 4 billon years, but has an accuracy of 190 million years, or the second oldest data, which is 3.8 billion years old, but is more accurate, at 19 million years.

Sources for Images

2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theia_(planet)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2917538/Why-Earth-s-continents-suddenly-moving-crusts-minerals-mystery-changes-claims-study.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTsJubN68WE

Sources

3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTsJubN68WE
(This source is for information used in the timeline)