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Period: 504 to 604
Gregory the Great
We call this musical repertoire Gregorian Chant in honour of Pope Gregory the Great the first compiler. -
Period: 600 to 800
Gregorian Chant
The Roman Catholic Church compiled its liturgical plainsongs.
Main characteristics :
-It has a monophonic texture, without instrumental accompaniment.
-It uses modal scales and is in free time.
-The is in with a religious theme.
-It,s performed by male voices and alternates between a soloist and the choir, or between two choirs. -
800
Liturgical polyphony
A second voice was added to plainsong and polyphony was born. -
800
Secular vocal music
The main characteristics are:
-It,s has monoponic texture, but with musical accompaniment.
-It uses modal scales and rhythmic modes.
-It,s written in the local language.
-It,s performed by male and female voices. -
Period: 992 to 1050
Guido d´Arezzo
Was a teacher in te cathedral school in Arezzo,Italy. -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Was a German nun, writer, scientist and composer. -
Period: 1100 to 1200
Ars Antiqua
Refers to music developed between this period, mainly by the schools in Paris and Santiago. -
Period: 1100 to 1200
Carmina Burana
Is a famous collection of this type of composition and the manuscriptdates. -
1200
Mensural notation
This include the first symbols related to metre and assigned different note values depending on the duration of the note. -
1200
Goliards
Who were wandering clerics or mendicant students. -
Period: 1300 to 1400
Ars Nova
Refers to music developed between this period, coinciding with mensural notation. -
1500
Perfection of Liturgical polyphony
This new form of musical expression became more and more complex and reached its maximum level. -
Zarzuela
Tomás Bretón https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLTMZfubbj4
Federico Chueca https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG5S1heReH8&list=PLTisafcBRDNzvWaOjc6XObjjiOhgKSEgW
Ruperto Chapi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kicrm0OTWz0 -
-
Period: to
Compositions for piano
Types of compositions:
Short pieces for solo piano.
Chamber music.
Longer works.
Important composers:
CHOPIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E6b3swbnWg
SCHUBERT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjLMIpMH7Oc -
Period: to
Symphonic music
-
Period: to
LIED
The German word Lied means song.
Robert Schumann https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8AuECXCTU0 -
Period: to
Musical nationalism
Most important countries:
Russia:
Alexander Borodin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw1weml0-r0
Cesar Cui https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43ETzJUOXLo
Hungary
Bela Bartok https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szC8cS9M-Ew
Spain
Enrique Granados https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8vdixpvHzo -
Period: to
Music in the Romantic period
Instruments:
Woodwind:bass clarinet, contrabasson, english horn and saxophone.
Brass:trombone, tuba.
Percussion:gong, triangle, bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, marimba, celesta. -
Period: to
Vocal Music
Italy:
Gioachino Rossini https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nU_U1NH5QBs
Gaetano Donizetti https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvkjIt4I5yE
Vincenzo Bellini https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fACkVnxtTos
France:
Giacomo Meyerbeer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47Og7nQtWag
Jacques Offenbach https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNtAlXq6weg
Germany:
Richard Wagner https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4i0TnNI6U-w -
La Sylphide
Leo Delibes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haxnvx6SHIo -
Romantic dance and ballet
La Shylphide by Adolphe Nourrit -
Impressionism
Maurice Ravel:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r30D3SW4OVw
Claude debussy:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvFH_6DNRCY -
Sprechgesang
Vocal technique that was halfway between talking and singing -
Atonality and twelve-tone technique
Atonality:the use of non-tonal music that was full of disonances that generated tension.
Twelve-tone technique:the use of chromatic scale. -
Ballet and contemporary dance
Ballet Russes:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37nWgmDkgSY Contemporary dance:search of naturalness and freedom of movements in order to express all types of emotions and feelings. -
Characteristics of 20th century music
Pursuing novelty,experimentation,and originality.
Searching for new musical lenguage that broke away from previous concepts of tone,rhythm and timbre.
Exploring different ways of representing music.
Using new computer an instrumental resources. -
Instruments of the 20th century
Theremin:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6KbEnGnymk
Ondes Martenot:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0aflcF0-ys
Synthesiser:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sXdYXYI_ZI
Sampler:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw70LqYUUCY
Vibraphone:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0qffO4dF0o -
Musique concrete
Pierre Schaeffer:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2o9VyuJSD4
Pierre Boulez:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uxwxOdb8P0
Edgar Varese:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9mg4KHqRPw -
Minimal music
This movement aimed to create simple,direct music minimal resources.
Steve Reich:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXJWO2FQ16c -
Aleatoric music
John Cage was the pioneer of this movement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTEFKFiXSx4 -
Electronic and electroacoustic
Electronic:sounds generated electronically by synthetisers
Eletroacoustic:music combined the real sounds of musique concrete with other electronically-generated sounds. -
Music in Spain
Spanish musical nationalism:Joaquin turina:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsLbritRjjU
Generacion del 27:Joaquin Rodrigo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye-FvKCZp3s
Generación del 51:Luis de Pablo:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys5a0aq4Gh4
