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850 BCE
SECULAR VOICE MUSIC
It passed on orally se there are hardly any records of it.
It has a monophonic texture, uses modal scales and rythmic modes, its designed for fun and its written in vernacular.
The songs of the Minstrels were written in song books. The goliards were wandering clerics or mendicant students. -
Period: 700 to 900
GREGORIAN CHANT
Between the 7th and 9th century, the Roman Catholic church compiled a musical repertorie called Gregorian chant in memory of Pope Gregory the Great.
-It has a monophonic texture, without instrumental accompaniment.
- It uses modal scales and is in free time.
- Text in latin and religious theme.
- Its performed by male voices and alternates between a soloist or choir. Gregorian chant is clasified in Syllabic, Neumatic and Melismatic styles. -
Period: 800 to 900
LITURGICAL POLYPHONY
Polyphony was born by adding a second voice to plainsong.
Mensural notation included the first symbols related to metre and assigned different note values depending on the duration of the note. The main medieval liturgical polyphonic forms were Organum, Discantus and Conductus. -
Period: 1453 to
RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC
RELIGIOUS: There were 3 main forms; Motet, mass and chorale.
SECULAR: In Spain; Romance, Villancico and Ensalada. -
Period: 1483 to 1546
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Martin Luther was a Georgian theological monk known for starting the Protestant reformation in his country. He created a repertoire of simple melodies in the vernacular catholic music. Only the clergy performed it. -
Period: 1500 to
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
The church still prohibited instruments in liturgy, so it remained secular. INSTRUMENTAL FORMS: Compositions based on vocal music, Compositions with an instrumental feel and Variations. -
Period: 1544 to
MADDALENA CASULANA
Was the first woman to publish her compositions in the history of Western music. She was an italian composer, lutenist and Singer, whose compositions had expressive melodies in which the text takes priority. -
Period: 1548 to
TOMÁS LUIS DE VICTORIA
Spanish composer born in Ávila. He travelled to Rome when he was 19 to complete his training with Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, the most important composer at the time. -
Period: to
ROMANTIC PERIOD
Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century. -
Period: to
NATIONALISM IN THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
Nationalism: Composers were greatly influenced by the intense nationalistic feelings that developed after the Napoleonic wars. Some composers were political outcasts (Wagner), while others promoted a love for their country). The main areas of nationalistic music during the nineteenth century were Germany, Italy, France, Central Europe and Russia. -
Period: to
ROMANTIC PERIOD UPDATES
Vocal Compositions: Lied, choral music (sacred and secular), Opera (Italian, French, German ), Oratorios. New Large Forms: Symphonic Poem, Sonata, Symphony, Concerto, Ballet, Ballade,. New Small Forms: Waltz, Nocturne, Variations. -
Period: to
THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY
- IMPRESSIONISM: It appeared at the end of the 19th century. Musical atmospheres inspired by nature or unusual things. Scales that evoked oriental music, like the pentatonic scales. Imprecise melodic lines and free, irregular rhythm. Timbres of different instruments overlapping each other, forming a sound collage.
- EXPRESSIONISM: Very strong rhythm, compositions designed for smaller chamber ensembles, sprechgesang, strong dissonances to create constant tensión, atonality and 12-tone technique.
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Period: to
20TH CENTURY MUSIC IN SPAIN
Composers like Manuel de Falla and Joaquín Turina, whose internationally famous works represented Spanish musical nationalism. Movements: Generación del 27 and Generación del 51.
First world war 1914-1918. Spanish civil war 1936-1939. Second World war 1939-1945.