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Engel v. Vitale Ruling
US Supreme Court rules that state officials cannot require the reading of bible passages or Lord's prayer be recited in public schools. This creates a more inclusive environment for students of different faiths. The ruling ensures that these students can attend school without the need to participate in a religion that does not necessarily align with their own beliefs. -
Civil Rights Act Becomes Law
The Civil Rights Act prohibits segregation or discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. This is arguably the most important multicultural education event of the 20th century as meant that federal funds could not be used for programs that fostered discrimination. This strengthened the Commission on Civil Rights and led to access for everyone to the same educational opportunities. -
Project Head Start
This program was created to grant access to preschool for low-income families. As part of President Lyndon Johnson's "war on poverty", project head start was enacted to provide children in low-income families an opportunities to meet their social, health, and educational needs. -
Title IX of the Education Amendments
Title IX prohibits discrimination based on sex in all areas related to education and applies to any federally funded education or training program. One of the biggest changes as a result of Title IX is the number of girls that are participating in sports activities at educational institutions. -
Lau v. Nichols
The ruling in Lau v. Nichols ensured that children with limited English proficiency (LEP) had the same access to quality education as other students. The case resulted in a judgment that the lack of supplemental language instruction violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964, specifically banning discrimination based on race, color, or national origin. -
Equal Educational Opportunities Act
The EEOA requires that schools take action to create an educational environment that allows every student the opportunity to learn and succeed. This means providing additional language learning, faculty and materials that offer every student an education that they can participate in. -
The Refugee Act of 1980
The Refugee Act was intended to reform immigration law and allow for the admittance of refugees for humanitarian reasons. This meant ensuring that the children of these refugees, many of which had special education needs, had access to a quality education in an equal capacity. -
The Emergency Immigrant Education Act
The EIEA was enacted to subsidize and offer services to schools that had a high number of immigrant children. This include supplementary educational services and the offsetting of some costs related to the unexpected number of immigrant students. -
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1990
The goal of this act was to increase national diversity by increasing the number of immigrants allowed in to the county based on certain criteria. This included skilled workers and family-sponsored immigrants. -
The Improving America's Schools Act (IASA)
This bill included reformations to Title I. It increased the amount of federal funding given for bilingual and immigrant education. A goal of this law was to create additional opportunities for children that did were not able to meet state standards.
