History of Medicine - Sandrina Uwajeneza

Primitive Times

4000 BCE

~ 4000 BC-3000 BC
~Illnesses were treated by witch doctors with ceremonies, herbs and plants
~Trephining which is the process of removing a piece of bone from the skull occurred during this time
~The average life span was 20 years.

Ancient Egyptians

3000 BCE

~ 3000 BC - 300 BC
~ Physicians were considered priests and they were the first ones to have health records
~ Leeches were used as medicine
~ Average life span was 20 - 30 years

Ancient Chinese

1700 BCE

~1700 BC - 200 AD
~Believed in order to cure illness, you must treat the whole body
~Began to search for medical reasons for illness
~20-30 year life expectancy

Ancient Greeks

1200 BCE

~1200 BC - 200 BC
~Hippocrates and other physicians first observed the human and the effects of disease
~Therapy and herbal treatment was used as medicine to cure disease
~25-35 was the life expectancy

Ancient Romans

753 BCE

~ 753 BC - AD 410
~First organizers of medical care by giving medical care to fallen soldiers
~Created public health and sanitation systems by building sewers
~Galen established belief that the human body is run by blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
~Average life span was 25-35 years

Dark Ages

400 BCE

~AD 400 - AD 800
~Focused on saving the soul instead of body
~Study of medicine was neglected
~Monks and priests provided health care
~Herbal medicine
~Average life span was 20-30 years

Middle Ages

300 BCE

~ AD 800 - AD 1400
~Bubonic plague killed 75% of the population in Europe and Asia
~Medical Universities were built
~Average life span was 20-35 years

Renaissance

1350

~ AD 1350 - AD 1650
~Rebirth of Science and Medicine
~Body dissections occurred to further understand human anatomy
~Invention of printing press in 1440
~First anatomy book was created in 1543
~Disease is still a mystery
~Life span was 30-40 years

16th and 17th Century

1600

~Knowledge on human body increased
~Early pharmacists made and sold medicine
~Microscope was invented in 1670
~Average life span was 35-45 years

18th Century

1700

~The first mercury thermometer was created in 1714
~1760 is when Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
~In 1778, John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
~1798 is when smallpox vaccine was discovered
~Average life span was 40-50 years

19th Century

1800

~First X-ray machine invented in 1895
~First open heart surgery in 1893
~Stethoscope invented in 1816
~Women became active participants in health care
~Average life span was 40-60 years

20th Century

1900

~Many advancements in healthcare
~Insulin and antibiotics were invented
~Kidney Dialysis Machine was invented in 1943
~Heart Lung Machine was created in 1953
~Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins in 1953
~Life span increases

21st Century

2000

~In 2001 the first artificial heart was placed inside someone in Louisville, Ky.
~Human Genome Project Completed
~Face Transplants began in 2005