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Period: 500 to Dec 31, 1300
Middle Ages
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620
First anaesthetic
Theodoric Borgonini came up with the first anaesthetic by putting a sponge soaked in either opium, mandrake, hemlock, or other substances under peoples noses until they fell unconscious. -
1132
First Antiseptic method
Ancient medical writers believed that during surgery some pus should remain in the wounds to promote healing. This idea remained widespread until a sugeon, Theodoric Borgognini came up with an antiseptic method. He taught people that wounds were to be cleaned and sutured to aid in healing. He would also often use bandages pre-soaked in wine as a form of disinfectant. He would also use a sponge soaked in either opium, mandrake, hemlok, or other substances to make patients fall unconscious. -
1132
Book of Optics
Ancient writers believed that humans could see things through invisible beams of light that were coming from the eyes themselves. The 11th Century scientist Ibh al-Haytham, came up with a new explanation for vision through his research on optics and the anatomy of the eye. His work the "Book of Optics", would be considered the most important research in the field for hundreds of years. -
1155
Opthalmology
Medieval Arabic physicians were very notable for their advances in the area of ophthalmology, including the invention of the first syringe, which, in fact, was used to extract a cataract from the eye. -
1231
Fredrick ll
In 1231 Frederick ll came up with a set of laws concerning medical education standards and licensure that were far, far ahead of his time. These laws did not have an immediate effect on medical training and practice, it reinforced and stabilized an educational method that later became the cornerstone of the professionalization of physicians. -
1231
Education Standards
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Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Renaissance
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1532
Minerals
Paracelsus, a German-Swiss specialist, researcher, and medium, spearheaded the utilization of minerals and synthetic concoctions in the body. He accepted that sickness and well-being depended on the concordance of man with nature. As opposed to soul refinement for mending, he recommended that a solid body required certain compound and mineral adjusts. He included that synthetic cures could treat a few diseases. -
1539
Human body
Andreas Vesalius, a Flemish anatomist and doctor, kept in touch with one of the most persuasive books on human life systems "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" ("On the Structure of the Human Body"). He dismembered a cadaver, analyzed it, and definite the structure of the human body. Specialized and printing advancements of the time implied that he had the option to distribute the book. -
1545
Pathology
Ambroise Paré, from France, helped establish the frameworks for current measurable pathology and medical procedure. He was the regal specialist for four French rulers and a specialist in combat zone drug, especially twisted treatment and medical procedure. He concocted a few careful instruments. -
1553
Attire
Girolamo Fracastoro an Italian specialist and researcher, recommended that scourges may originate from pathogens outside the body. He recommended that these might go from human-to-human by immediate or backhanded contact. He presented the expression "fomites," which means tinder, for things, for example, attire, that could harbor pathogens from which someone else could get them. He additionally proposed utilizing mercury and "guaiaco" as a solution for syphilis. -
Properties of blood
William Harvey (1578–1657), an English specialist, was the principal individual to appropriately depict the foundational course and properties of blood, and how the heart siphons it around the body. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Period: to
Modern World
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Penicillin
The first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. -
First organ transplant
The kidney was the first human organ to be transplanted successfully. Liver, heart and pancreas transplants were successfully performed by the late 1960s, while lung and intestinal organ transplant procedures were begun in the 1980s. -
Immunotherapy
The idea of using immunotherapy in cancer, in general, returned to prominence when Thomas and Burnet first proposed the theory of cancer immunosurveillance in 1957. They suggested that lymphocytes acted as sentinels to identify and eliminate somatic cells transformed by spontaneous mutations. -
Stem Cell Therapy
Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos nearly 30 years ago, in 1981. ... These cells are called human embryonic stem cells. The embryos used in these studies were created for reproductive purposes through in vitro fertilization procedures. -
Gene therapy
The first approved gene therapy clinical research in the US took place on 14 September 1990, at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), under the direction of William French Anderson. Four-year-old Ashanti DeSilva received treatment for a genetic defect that left her with ADA-SCID, a severe immune system deficiency. -
Period: to
The 21st Century
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Bionic Eye
Manchester patients among first to receive bionic eye implants. ... Patients using the system are given an implant into their retina and a camera mounted on a pair of glasses sends wireless signals direct to the nerves which control sight. The signals are then 'decoded' by the brain as flashes of light.
