-
Period: 500 to 1300
middle ages
-
754
hospitals
the first hospital was established in Baghdad -
900
Rhazes
discovered the difference between smallpox and measles -
1000
ibn al haytham
this 11th century scientist came up with a new explanation for vision through research on optics and the anatomy of the eye -
1200
theodoric borgognoni
developed an antiseptic method where wounds were to be cleaned and then sutured to promote healing -
Period: 1301 to
renaissance
-
1500
c-section
cesarean sections were practiced throughout the middle ages, but only when the mother had no chance of survival. this changed when a farmer named Jacob Nufer performed this successfully on his wife, everything changed -
microscope
Zacharius Jannssen invents the microscope -
william harvey
william publishes an anatomical study study of the motion of the heart and of the blood in animals which forms the basis for the future research on on blood vessels and the heart -
the first observation of blood cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers blood cells -
bacteria
Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes bacteria -
Giacomo Pylarini
Giacomo Pylarini gives the first smallpox vaccine, it was the first vaccine ever made -
Period: to
industrial revolution
-
the first appendectomy
Claudius Aymand performs the first appendectomy -
stethoscope
Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope -
blood transfusion
James Blundell performs the first successful transfusion of human blood -
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur identifies germs as cause of disease -
Period: to
modern world
-
insulin
insulin first used to treat diabetes -
penicillin
alexander flemming discovers penicillin -
pacemaker
john hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker -
polio vaccine
jonas salk develops the first polio vaccine -
smallpox is eradicated
-
Period: to
21st century
-
stem cells
in 2006, doctors began to induce potential stem cells and also cloned human stem cells -
combination drug therapy extends HIV survival
this approach to treatment where drugs are combined in different ways or different sequences has become a model for treating other diseases ranging from lung cancer to heart disease. -
heart disease deaths drop by 40 percent
there are now medicines to treat narrowed arteries in the heart that weren't available 25 years ago. there is also a bigger focus on fitness today than in past generations
