-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Primitive Time
-
3900 BCE
Important Medicines Still Used Today
Morphine which is used for pain, and digitalis for the heart, are still used today -
3800 BCE
Believed disease was caused by
Believed illnesses and diseases were caused by supernatural spirits and demons -
3700 BCE
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 20 years old -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
-
2900 BCE
How Do They Heal?
They called upon the gods to heal them when disease occurred. Also used magic and medicinal plants to treat disease. -
2800 BCE
Who are Physicians? Who was the 1st?
Physicians were priests who studied surgery and medicine in temple medical schools. Imhotep may have been the first physician. -
2700 BCE
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 20 - 30 -
Period: 1700 BCE to 220
Ancient Chinese
-
1600 BCE
Dissection (Beliefs and Results)
Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in poor knowledge of the body structure -
1500 BCE
Importance of the Whole Body
Carefully monitored the pulse to determine the condition of the body. Believed in the need to treat the whole bod by curing the spirit and nourishing the body. -
1400 BCE
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 20 - 30 years -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
-
Period: 753 BCE to 410
Ancient Romans
-
460 BCE
Hippocrates
Hippocrates is ‘the father of medicine’
• Developed an organized method to observe the human body
• Recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases
• Created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates, used by physicians today -
384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle is called the ‘founder of comparative anatomy’
• Dissected animals -
370 BCE
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 25 - 35 years -
200 BCE
Sanitation System
• Created aqueducts to carry clean water to the cities
• Built sewers to carry waste materials away from the cities
• Used filtering systems in public baths to prevent disease
• Drained marshes to reduce the incidence of malaria -
100 BCE
Hospitals
• Early hospitals where physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes
• Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents -
300
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 25 - 35 years -
400
Prohibited Study of Medicine, Why?
Tried to focus on saving the souls, so medicine was prohibited -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
-
500
How Do They Treat Disease?
Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat disease and illness -
600
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 20 - 30 years -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
850
Medical Universities
Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century -
900
Pandemic
The bubonic plague pandemic killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia
Major diseases included smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plague, and malaria -
910
Rhazes
Rhazes, an Arab physician, was known as the Arab Hippocrates
• Based diagnoses after observing the signs and symptoms of disease
• Developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles
• Suggested that blood was the cause of many infectious diseases
• Began the use of animal gut for suture material -
1000
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 20 - 35 years -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1401
Rebirth
Rebirth of the science of medicine -
1425
Dissection
Dissection of a human body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy -
1450
Artists
Artists Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci used dissection to draw the human body mor realistically -
1475
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 30 - 40 years -
1501
Cause of Disease
Causes of disease were unknown, many people died from infections and the puerperal fever -
Period: 1501 to
16th Century
-
1510
Father of Modern Surgery
Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, was known as the father of modern surgery -
1523
Gabriel Fallopius
Gabriel Fallopius
- Identified the fallopian tubes in the female
- Described the tympanic membrane in the ear -
Average Lifespan
Average lifespan was 35 - 45 years -
Period: to
17th Century
-
William Harvey
Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope -
Apothecaries
Apothecaries was an early pharmacist, who made, prescribed, and sold medicine -
Average Lifespan
The average lifespan was 35 - 45 years -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Gabriel Fahrenheit
He created the first mercury thermometer in 1714 -
James Lind
He prescribed lime juice which contains vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795 -
Edward Jenner
He created a vaccination for smallpox in 1796 -
Average Lifespan
The average lifespan was 40 - 50 years -
Period: to
19th Century
-
Blood Transfusion
James Blundell performed the first successful blood transfusion -
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell was the first female physician in the US -
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing
- She created efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean War
- Opened the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at St Thomas’ Hospital
- Started the professional education of nurses -
American Red Cross
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross -
Wilhelm Roentgen
He discovered roentgenograms (x-rays) -
Average Lifespan
The average lifespan was 40 - 60 years -
Period: to
20th Century
-
Sir Alexander Fleming
He discovered penicillin -
Open Heart Surgery
The first heart lung-machine was used for open-heart surgery -
Transplants
The first liver transplant was performed by Thomas Starzl
The first lung transplant was performed by James Hardy
The first successful heart transplant was performed by Christian Barnard -
CAT Scan
CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography) scan was created in 1975 -
Test Tube Baby
The first ‘test tube’ baby, Louis Brown, was born in England in 1975 -
Average Lifespan
The average lifespan was 60 - 70 years
