-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
-
3900 BCE
Disease Caused By?
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the sick?
Tribal ceremonies to rid evil spirits -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis- for the heart
Quinine- for fevers
Belladonna and atropine- for GI (gastrointestinal)
Morphine- for Pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
-
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Accurate Health Records
Who are physicians- Priests acted as physicians
How did they heal- splinting fractures and bloodletting with leeches -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture in Stone Age -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual- Learned diseases caused naturally
Dissection- not allowed
Hippocrates- father of medicine -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation system- water filters & sewage systems
Organize medical care- sent medical treatment to soldiers
Hospital development- created ill rooms in homes -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
-
500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
Thought lives in gods hands -
700
How do they treat disease?
Prayers & herbal mixtures -
Period: 800 to 1400 BCE
Middle Age
-
1100
Epidemics
Caused millions of deaths -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Rebirth
Universities- medical schools
Dissection- studied inner body
Books- greater access to learning -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied anatomy of body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered fallopian tubes -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered tube from ear to throat -
William Harvey
Circulation of blood & pumping of heart -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope & found tooth decay bacteria -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals, found that colds can pass from person to person. -
Medical Students Learning
Students attend lectures & observed patients at the bedside. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen & observed that plants refresh air for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered method for vaccination for smallpox, saved millions of lives
Led to immunization & preventative medicine -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
-
Ignacio Semmelweis
Identified the cause of childbed fever -
Florence Nightingale
Attracted well-educated, dedicated women to the Nightingale School of Nursing. -
Louis Pasteur
Father of Microbiology -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered some diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen with a microscope. -
Joseph Lister
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis
Developed a method to keep an area clean before & during surgery -
Robert Koch
Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens & isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-rays -
Anesthesia
Prevents pain -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin killed life threatening bacteria -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
(Lead to the discovery of phycology and psychiatry) -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA -
Christian Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies (surgeries on the brain to stop seizes) -
Period: to
21st Century
-
Robotic hysterectomy
Heals quicker -
Hepatitis C
A cure was found -
Artificial Organs
3D printing human body parts to use -
mRNA Vaccines
The first approved mRNA vaccine was the COVID-19.
Easier to produce in a lab (Faster creation time) -
Hemgenix
A one time infusion for people with hemophilia B. -
Lab-Grown Blood (RESTORE Trial)
Blood cells grown from donor stem cells.