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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by
Supernatural spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick
Exorcisms -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis- used for heart
Quinine- used for fevers
Belladonna and atropine- used for gi pain
Morphine- used for pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health records- earliest to hold accurate records
Who are physicians?- the priests were their physicians
How did they heal?- splinted fractures, and used bloodletting (with leeches) -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Used acupuncture to treat illness -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
They were the first to realize illness might be caused by natural things rather than spiritual
Religious customs did not allow them to dissect bodies
Hippocrates wrote an oath for medical ethics that is still used today -
100
Ancient Romans
Used a sanitation system learned from Greeks
First to organize medical care
Beginning of public hospitals to care for sick -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
The church believed life and death should only be in God’s hands -
700
How do they treat diseases?
Prayer and herbal mixtures -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
The bubonic plague, and other diseases broke out and killed millions of people -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
Universities and medical schools were built for research of medical topics
They began to accept dissection of the body for medical purposes
Books made knowledge and research for these topics more accessible -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered fallopian tubes -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered tube going from ear to throat -
William Harvey
Described blood circulation, and heart pumping -
Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope and discovered tooth decaying bacteria -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies -
Period: to
18th century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals and found that colds were contagious -
Medical students learning
Students used things like dissection of a deceased human to advance medical research -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen, and made advancements in respiration studies -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified cause of childbed fever -
Florence Nightingale
Made nursing how it is today -
Louis Pasteur
Discovered microorganisms are everywhere -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered some viruses are caused by microorganisms -
Joseph Lister
First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis -
Robert Koch
Developed culture plate method to identify pathogens, and introduced an importance of sanitation to stop diseases spreading -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered how medicine effected disease -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered X-rays -
Anesthesia
Before the nineteenth century anesthesia wasn’t use during surgery, and later on it was discovered which caused less death and pain -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered unconscious and conscious parts of peoples minds -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds -
Jonas Salk
Discovered a method of vaccination for poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin
Created a better poliomyelitis vaccination -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered molecular structure of DNA -
Christian Barnard
Performed first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Good at separating Siamese twins and brain surgeries to stop seizures -
Period: to
21st century
-
Targeted cancer therapy
Helps to kill cancerous cells and leave healthy cells alone -
Facial transplants
Facial transplants allow for people to get a transplant for part or all of a human face -
Organs grown
Artificial liver and kidneys grown -
Hemgenix
Gene therapy used to eliminate hemophilia B -
Lab grown blood
Created from stem cells