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Period: 4000 BCE to
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease Caused By?
Supernatural Spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for Sick?
Exorcising evil spirits by trephining; removing a part of the cranium to exorcise the demons -
3100 BCE
Medicines Used Today?
Digitalis: Used to treat heart conditions
Quinine: Controls fever, muscle spasms and malaria prevention
Belladonna: Relives muscle spasms
Morphine: Used to treat severe pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
They kept accurate health records. Priests that acted as physicians. They used medicines to heal disease, splinted fractures and bloodletting. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
They were the first people to use acupuncture technology. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Kept records that could lead to illness, religion allowed for bodies to be dissected. Hippocrates wrote the ‘Oath of Hippocrates’ which is the standard for health ethics. -
100
Ancient Romans
They were the first to organize medical care and sent medics to warm, they also built places to care for the ill which was the beginning of hospitals. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the Study of Medicine?
The study of medicine stopped when the Romans were taken over by the Huns, medicine was only studied in monasteries and convents. -
700
How do They Treat Disease?
They prayed for the sick and herbal mixes. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
They discovered the Bubonic Plauge, with that came the discovery of vaccines and medicines. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth?
They began to build universities, they also accepted dissection and began to print and press books of research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
He recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
He discovered the fallopian tubes of the woman’s body. -
1563
Bartolomeo Eustachio
He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. -
Antoine von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope and established that there was life smaller than the naked eye can see. He scraped his teeth and found bacteria. -
Apothecaries
Apothecaries were established and engaged in the trade of drugs and spices. -
William Harvey
He used research and knowledge to understand physiology and he was able to describe circulation of blood and pumping to the heart. -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
He discovered bifocals, and discovered colds that can be passed from person to person. -
Medical Students Learning
Students attended lectures in classrooms and labs and also observed patients. They dissected the patients when they died which led to a better understanding of illness. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered the element oxygen, he also observed that plants refresh air. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a smallpox vaccination, his discovery led to preventative medicine. -
Rene Laennec
He invented the stethoscope, it increased the ability to hear the lungs and heart. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Century
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Ignaz Semmelweis
He identified the cause of childbed fever, leading to less deaths of women giving birth. He realized that people weren’t washing their hands when touching the dead bodies, which led to people using the correct techniques. -
Florence Nightingale
She was the founder of modern nursing, she devoted her life to preparing reports for better sanitization and the construction of hospitals. She designed a ward for sick patients. -
Louis Pasteur
He was known as the Father of Biology, he discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He discovered pasteurization and created a vaccine for rabies. -
Dmitri Ivanoski
Discovered that some diseases were caused by microorganisms that are called viruses. -
Joseph Lister
He became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery, which helped to prevent infection. -
Ernst von Bergmann
He developed asepsis, he developed a method to keep an area germ free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
He discovered many disease-causing organisms, he researched tuberculosis, pathogens, and introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation. -
Paul Ehrilch
He discovered the effect that medicine had on disease, his treatment was only affective to certain illnesses. His studies brought a discovery of chemicals to fight disease, including a chemical to react syphilis. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
He discovered X-Rays and took the very first X-Ray picture of his wife’s hand. This led to doctors being able to see inside the body. -
Anesthesia
The discovery of anesthesia allowed for patients to be performed on without pain. Before this they had to operate on patients while having pain lessening agents. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
He discovered penicillin that kills life threatening bacteria, it was considered one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. -
Sigmund Freud
He discovered the unconscious and conscious parts of the mind, and studies the affects of them. This led to a better understanding of psychological illness. -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds, these were the first medication that were effective in killing bacteria. This changed the practice of medicine. -
Ben Carson
He is a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing surgery on the brain to stop seizures. -
Jonas Salk
He discovered that the deadly polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis, a virus that paralyzed many people everywhere. The creation of the vaccine saved many people from this virus. -
Albert Sabin
He used a live polio vaccine, which is more effective. This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against this disease. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
These two men discovered the molecular structure of DNA, their model explained how DNA replicates and how it holds hereditary information. -
Christian Bernard
He performed the first successful heart transplant. -
Period: to
21st Century
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Stem Cell Research
Stem cell research has advanced in the past 10-ish years, they can even repair damaged tissue and cure diseases. -
HPV Vaccine
The first HPV vaccine was approved in 2006, these vaccines against cervical cancer. -
Face Transplants
The first full face transplant was done in France in 2005, they are performed after people are in situations in which their whole face is changed and needs to be redone. -
Bionic Limbs
Bionic limbs have come a long way, they are becoming more and more human like as the time goes on, and are continuing to become more advanced. -
HIV Cocktails
All of the HIV medications have been combined into a HIV ‘cocktail’ so then people that have HIV don’t have to deal with multiple medications, making it easier for them to stay healthy.