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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by?
Evil Spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatment for the sick
People chewed the leaves of the foxglove plant to strengthen and slow the heartbeat. They also used herbs and plants as medicine. They would brake the skull witch caused death. -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis- Comes from the foxglove plant
Quinine- Comes from the bark of the cinchona tree
Belladonna and atropine- Are made from the poisonous nightshade plant.
Morphine- Is made from the opium poppy -
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
The Egyptians were the first people to keep accurate health records.
Physicians are priests
They healed by using medicines for diseases, they treated disorders by using blooding with the use of leaches.`` -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Their method eventually developed into the advanced practice of Chinese acupuncture, still can be used today. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greek
It was determined that illnesses may have natural, rather than spiritual, causes.
Dissection is the act or process of dividing, and taking apart so of the body.
Hippocrates wrote the standard of ethics called the oath of Hippocrates. -
100
Ancient Romans
They learned a sanitation system by bringing clean water into their cities by way of aqueducts waterways.
They organized medical care by sending medical equipment and physicians with their armies to care for wounded soldiers.
Hospital development was formed by making public buildings for the care of the sick were established. -
500
Stopped the study of medicine and why?
It stopped for a period of 1,000 years, because medicines were practiced only in convents and monasteries. Also because the church believed that life and death were in Gods hands. -
700
How do they treat disease?
Scientist have discovered vaccines and medications to control these diseases. -
1100
Epidemics
It caused millions of deaths during this time. Bubonic plague the Black Death alone killed 60 million people. -
1450
Rebirth
There was the building of universities and medical schools for research.
The acceptance of dissection of the body for study.
The development of the printing press and the publishing of books, allowing greater access to knowledge from research. -
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. Witch is called the Eustachian tube -
William Harvey
Discovered the function of the heart and the circulation of blood. -
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see. -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies, started in this time. Witch is a person who sales and prepares medicine -
Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person. -
Medical students learning
Students were starting to learn in a new way. They attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory. They also observed patients at the bedside, dissected bodies after death and more students were studying medicine. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen. He also observed the plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. He discovery saved millions of lives. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope. The first one was made out of wood. It increased the ability to hear the heart and lung, allowing doctors to determine if disease was present. -
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified the cause of childbed fever. A large amount of woman died from this fever after giving birth. -
Florence Nightingale
During this time, nursing was considered unsuitable for a respectful lady. The people giving care to patents were amount the lowest in society. As Florence Nightingale was to say, nursing was left to people too old, too weak, to drunken, too dirty, or to do anything else. -
Louis Pasteur
Is known as the father of Microbiology. He discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. Through his experiments and studies, he proved that microorganisms were. caused by disease. -
Dimitri Ivanovski
He studied mosaic disease in tobacco, he first detailed many of the characteristics of the organisms that came to be known as viruses. -
John Lister
Learned about pastures discovery that microorganisms cause infection. He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis. He knew from Listers and Pasteurs research that germs caused infections in wounds. He developed a way to keep an area germ free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His treatment was effective against some microorganisms but was not effective in killing other bacteria. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-ray in 1895. He took the very first picture using x-ray on his wife’s hand. His discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and helped them discover what was wrong with the patient. -
Anesthesia
Anesthesia is were you put someone to sleep before you do surgery. It’s also so they do not fell anything as the doctors cuts into there body. -
Sir Alexander
Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria. The discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He studied the effects of the unconscious mind on the body. He discovered that the mind and body work together. -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Used a live Polio virus vaccine which is more effective. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live Polio virus vaccine which is more effective. -
Francis and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure in DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. -
Christian Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968. -
Ben Carson
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
5 advancements in medicines
Our society is discovering new approaches to medical care every year. Patients clients are being taught more about wellness sand they are learning more about self care. community has become more open to alternative and complementary methods of care. People now go to Ayurvedic practitioners, Chinese medicine practitioners, chiropractics, homeopaths, hypnotists, and naturopaths, to help meet their medical needs.