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Wrote a description describing the patterns he saw on human hands under the microscope including the presence of ridges -
Described that the arrangements of skin ridges is never duplicated in two persons -
Described mine distinct fingerprint patterns including loops, spirals, circles, and double whirls -
Notes that the patterns were unique to each person and were not altered by age -
Created a way to identify criminals, the system sometimes called it Bertillonage - created with solving the first murder using fingerprints -
Verified that fingerprints don’t change with age. With Sir E R Henry they developed the classification system for fingerprints that is still in use today. -
Improved fingerprints collection. Notes measurements on the identification cards of all arrested persons, as well as adding all 10 fingerprints. Made his own fingerprint system and invented a better way of collecting the prints. -
Created a system that divided fingerprint records into groups based on whether they have and arch, whorl, or loop pattern. Created the ten card -
In 1910, Frederick Brayley published the first American textbook on fingerprints, "Arrangement of Finger Prints, Identification, and Their Uses." -
Edmond Locard wrote that if 12 points (Galton's Details) were the same between two fingerprints, it would suffice as a positive identification.