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470 BCE
SOCRATES
Socrates was a Greek philosopher who is credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought. He was enigmatic figure and is known mainly through the accounts of classical writers composing after his lifetime, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. Socrates also exerted a strong influence on philosophers in later antiquity and in the modern era.
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Period: 470 BCE to 322 BCE
ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
Ancient Greek philosophy was the attempt made by some ancient Greeks to make sense out of the world around them, and explain things in a non-religious way. These people, called philosophers, used their intelligence and reasoning skills instead of using myths to understand their world. Philosophy gained prominence in the 6th century BC with the advent of several important Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. -
427 BCE
PLATO
Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher and founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is best known as the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence. He is also widely considered the pivotal figure in the history of Ancient Greek and Western philosophy, along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWZlx6XheD4 -
384 BCE
ARISTOTLE
Aristotle, Greek Aristoteles was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history and the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that became the framework and vehicle for both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy.
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Period: 350 to 1274
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Medieval philosophy designates the philosophical speculation that occurred in western Europe during the Middle. This philosophy was closely connected to Christian thought, particularly theology, and the chief philosophers of the period were churchmen. Philosophy made possible a rational understanding of faith. Faith, for its part, inspired Christian thinkers to develop new philosophical ideas, some of which became part of the philosophical heritage of the West. -
354
AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
Augustine of Hippo, also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian, philosopher, and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is considered one of the Latin Fathers of the Church and perhaps the most significant Christian thinker after St. Paul.
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1225
THOMAS AQUINAS
Thomas Aquinas was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. He is also known within the latter as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology and the father of Thomism; of which he argued that reason is found in God. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas.
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Period: to
MODERN PHILOSOPHY
Modern philosophy refers to a period in Western European philosophy spanning the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The philosophers of the period faced one of the greatest intellectual challenges in history: reconciling the principles of traditional Aristotlean philosophy and the Christian religion with the radical scientific developments that followed in the wake of Copernicus and Galileo. -
DESCARTES
Rene Descartes was a highly influential French philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and writer. He has been dubbed the "Father of Modern Philosophy" and the "Father of Modern Mathematics," and much of subsequent Western philosophy is a reaction to his writings, which have been closely studied from his time through the present day.
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LOCKE
John Locke was an English philosopher and social activist concerned primarily with governance, political theory, epistemology and religious tolerance. His political writings provided a pivotal philosophical defense for modern democratic institutions. As a philosopher, he was an early proponent of Empiricism. Locke also made contributions in the fields of theology, education, and economics.
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HUME
David Hume was a Scottish philosopher and historian. Hume was the third, the most radical and, in the eyes of many, the most important of the so-called British Empiricists, after John Locke and George Berkeley. Hume remains a towering figure in the history of philosophy and is perhaps the most significant English-speaking philosopher of all times. His place in the history of philosophy is strongly associated with his advocacy of skepticism.
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KANT
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher, scientist and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Kant is known for the historical synthesis of his transcendental method. His philosophy brought together the two major currents competing at the time of the Enlightenment, the metaphysical approach and the empirical approach.
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Period: to
PHILOSOPHY OF THE 19th CENTURY
In the 19th century, the philosophers of the Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy. In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally. Also, in a reaction to the Enlightenment, a movement called Romanticism began to develop towards the end of the 18th century. -
MARX
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile. Marx's political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history. His name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory.
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ENGELS
Friedrich Engels was a German socialist philosopher, the closest collaborator of Karl Marx in the foundation of modern communism. He also assisted Marx in providing support for the international labour movement, which arose in 1864, and in carrying on social-democratic propaganda Took up commerce, but already at an early age began propagating radical and socialist ideas in newspaper articles and speeches.
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NIETZCHE
Friedrich Nietzsche was German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. He began his career as a philologist before turning to philosophy. Once a philosopher, his attempts to unmask the motives that underlie traditional Western religion, morality, and philosophy deeply affected generations of theologians, philosophers, psychologists, poets, novelists, and playwrights.
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Period: to
PHILOSOPHY OF THE 20th CENTURY
20th-century philosophy saw the development of a number of new philosophical schools (including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, existentialism, and poststructuralism). In terms of the eras of philosophy, it is usually labelled as contemporary philosophy. In addition, philosophy in the twentieth century became increasingly technical and harder for lay people to read. -
ORTEGA Y GASSET
José Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century, while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism, and dictatorship. His philosophy has been characterized as a "philosophy of life" that "comprised a long-hidden beginning in a pragmatist metaphysics, and with a general method from a realist phenomenology, which served both his proto-existentialism and his realist historicism.
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WITTGENSTEIN
Ludwig Wittgenstein was Austrian-born British philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest philosopher of the 20th century. Wittgenstein’s two major works, Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus) and Philosophische Untersuchungen (Philosophical Investigations), have inspired a vast secondary literature and have done much to shape subsequent developments in philosophy, especially within the analytic tradition.
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HEIDEGGER
Martin Heidegger was a German philosopher whose work is perhaps most readily associated with phenomenology and existentialism, although his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification. His ideas have exerted a seminal influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy. They have also had an impact far beyond philosophy, for example in architectural theory.
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SARTRE
Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology, and one of the leading figures in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. His work has also influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to influence these disciplines.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bQsZxDQgzU
