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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines. After the Industrial Revolution, work was no longer centered in the home. Men went away for work, and family roles were more defined. The middle class family emerged, and the family became a symbol of stability. -
Ellen Swallows Richards is Born
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Ellen Swallow Richards Publishes Book
The Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning: A Manual for Housekeepers is a book that Swallow Richards publishes. -
Democratic Family Emerges
The democratic family emerges as a separate and private group in society where mates were selected through preferences and children were nurtured. Husbands go outside the home to work, and the wives stay home. -
The American Home Economics Association is Formed
Growing out of several summer conferences held at Lake Placid, New York, the American Home Economics Association is formed with Ellen Swallow Richards as its first president. -
Companionate Family Emerges
The companionate family is now the most common family form. Husband and wives are partners who married because they love each other. -
Ellen Swallow Richards Dies
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Westermark Describes the Origin of Marriage
In 1922, Westermark describes the origin of marries as follows: the habit for a man and a woman to live together, to have sexual relations with one another, and to rear their offspring in common, the man, being the protector and supporter of his family and the woman being his helpmate and the nurse of his children. -
The First Food Stamp Card Becomes Available
This program is established in the midst of the Great Depression. Food and goods are distributed those among hunger relief agencies. These cards are used to buy goods at a fraction of their normal cost. -
Talcott Parsons Creates the Structural-Functional Theory
This theory views individuals as members of many interrelated systems, one of which is the family. -
Juliet Mitchell Suggests Families Provide Four Functions
These functions are as followed: production, reproduction, socialization, and sexuality. -
Home Economics Changes It's Name
Five leading associations recommend changing the name from home economics to family and consumer sciences. They found the old title too restrictive and too laden with incorrect assumptions about research, application, and curriculum. -
Tadmor Studies Definition of a Family
Tadmor studied the definition of a "family" as it appeared in 18th-century English writings. She found that the term included not only immediate blood relatives in the household but also servants and other relatives in residence. -
Gibbs and Campbell Report that Religious Groups and Social Groups Experiment with Different Forms of Familial Social Bonds in America.
Gibbs and Campbell report that religious and social groups experiment with different forms of familial social bonds in the Americas during the 19th century. The practice of polygyny existed in some Native American cultures. -
Same-Sex Marriages are Legalized
Same-sex marriages are legal. Spouse and married couple now include same-sex couples. -
Sources
Family Resource Management (Moore, Asay)
https://online.csp.edu/resources/article/the-evolution-of-american-family-structure/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9Ccompanionate%20family%20was%20envisioned,tripled%20between%201860%20and%201910.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEI_l61eOzY
https://www.snaptohealth.org/snap/the-history-of-snap/
https://sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/ellen-h-swallow-richards/#:~:text=Growing%20out%20of%20several%20summer,The%20Life%20of%20Ellen%20H