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6500 BCE
Trephination
Holes were drilled in the skulls of people to release the demons that were thought to be behind mental disorders. -
Period: to
Nazi Concentration Camp Experiments
Were labeled experiments but were more like uses of torture against other humans that were seen unpure based on religion, race, or appearance. -
Period: to
Palace of Justice Nuremberg, Germany
Created the Nuremberg code to guide research with human participants. This guide includes that consent is voluntary, the experiment must be beneficial to society, the experiment must avoid or protect against physical pain/mental suffering, must be conducted by qualified researchers, subjects have the ability to stop at any time, and the experiment must stop if the subject is showing any sign of harm -
APA Committee on Ethical Standards for Psychologists
Provided standards for values and techniques for identifying and resolving moral problems -
Zimbardo Prison Experiment
Constructed a mock prison setting and gave each participant a role as a prisoner or a guard. It showed that people could become sadistic or unreasonable when backed by an authority and given a position of power over others. -
Watershed Federal Law
Provided public welfare for human subjects in general, pregnant women, fetuses and neonates, incarcerated prisoners, children, and registration of institutional review boards -
HIPPA
Established the guidelines at which private health information could be used for research purposes -
Education required for federal grants
Federal grants and funding require completion of education on the protection of human research participants