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First Education Laws: Massachusetts
Massachusetts Laws of 1642 and 1647 were the first bricks on the road to compulsory education. These laws established what was need for the citizens to know, so it set up the first curriculum that needed to be taught. It also gave the government the right to remove the child if the parents or guardian weren't teaching their children this curriculum. The 1647 law also mandated that -
Impact of Jefferson, Rush, and Webster on education
Jefferson, Rush and Webster all had an impact on education, but in their own different ways. Jefferson saw the advantage of public education. He thought the best way to fight against tyranny and oppression was to educate the people. However, hIs idea of people was limited to white males who owned land. Rush was a proponant for women's education. He thought that educated women were garantee of teaching society good morals and manners. Webster contribution was to unify the American language. -
The Northwest Ordinance of 1785
Ordinance helped establish a way of funding for public education. It was section 16 of the ordinance that set up a mandatory fund for the schooling for each township. Also further established the separation of church and state in public school. Ordinance helped to continue the idea that education was need to be a good citizen. -
Common School Movement
This movement was created by Horace Mann. He wanted public schools to be created that were open to everyone. The movement took hold in the 1830s and by the end of the Civil War Common Schools were common in the north and miedwestern states. The movement was slower in the south and western states. -
MOST IMPORTANT-Impact of Horace Mann
horace mann contributionsConsidered the Father of Education in America. Was chosen as Massachusetts Secretary of Education. He helped improve the training of teachers. He would also helped improve conditions of the school buildings in Massachusetts. He also helped change how public education was viewed across the country. HIs contributions helped establish the idea of education for everyone. He helped with moving education to a public more secular system funded and run by the states. -
MOST IMPORTANT-The Progressive Reform Movement
A movement pushed by John Dewey that moved away from the traditional curriculum taught in that time period to a more progressive approach to education. Some of their ideas for progressive education included emphasis on learning by doing, group work and development of social skills, and strong emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking. Today we still use these ideas in how we educate children today. -
Committee of Ten
This committee was set up to unify the many philosophies about education that were around at the time. The committee was composed of representatives of higher education. The committee was also set up to standarize the curriculum being taught at the time. The committee set up the standard of how many years of elementary and secondary education should be taught. This is close to how it is set up now. -
MOST IMPORTANT-The impact of John Dewey
John Dewey's impact had been profound and still being felt today. His approach to education consists of three ideas, individualism, readiness, and pragmatism. His idea of education as being a cooperative community is still used today as we refer to the classroom atmosphere as family. He helped push forward the Progressive Reform of education. The ideas from the reform movement are at the fore front of education philosophy today. His ideas are used an implemented in today's classroom. -
Secondary School Movement
This was the time in which the youth of America enrolling in Secondary Schools began to increase. This was due to the fact that new schools were being built. In secondary schools students would learn the skills they would need later when they became adults. These schools were different from their european counterparts. The schools here were free and open to anyone who wanted to attend while in europe they were expensive and required students to take an entrance exam before being admitted. -
MOST IMPORTANT-Brown vs Board of Education
This ruling ended the segregation in schools. The court ruled that the previous ruling that states could establish separate educational facilities for black and white students was deemed unconstitutional; stating that separate was not equal. This was a huge win for the civil rights movement and led to the passing of The Civil Rights Act of 1965. Because of this ruling the idea that everyone had a right to a good education no matter who you are was finally established. -
Sputnik and NDEA
The launch of sputnik by the Soviet Union was the cause of the NDEA to be passed. It provided funding for the strengthening of science and math programs in US schools. The US was afraid that we were falling behind the Soviets in these areas. The law didn't just encompass math and science but included the study of foreign languages. It also set up low cost loans so students could go to college; as well as many other areas that effect our education today. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
It wsa one of the most expansive bills ever passed. This act was part of President Johnson's war on poverty. This act help create Title I and allocated funds to low income area schools that needed extra help with educating their students. This act also help create the Head Start program which would help prepare students from low income areas for kindergarten. -
MOST IMPORTANT-Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act of 1975
This law took the Civil Rights act of 1964 further; allow children with disabilities the right to an education as well. Before this act it was illegal to have people with intellectual and behavioral disabilities, as well as people who were deaf and/or blind mainstreamed into public schools. Because of this law children are allowed the best education for them in the least restrictive environment. We have 504s and IEP for people who may have been labeled dumb because they didn't have this help. -
Growth of Standardized testing
The growth of standarized testing was a response to "The Nation at Risk" report given in 1983. President Reagan's administration pushed for higher levels of academic standards. They hought the best way to make sure that we achieved those standards was to test and make sure we met them. This was the precursor to the NCLB act passed in 2002. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This was the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Act. The act mandated that in order for states to get federal school funding they would need to come up with a standardized assessment and give this test to all students in grades 3-8 and again in high school. This act expanded the federal goverments involvement in education with the emphasis on test score, report card, and teacher qualifications.
