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The Northwest Land Ordinance
The Northwest Land Ordinance was separation of religion and state in schools. Religion was no longer to be taught in the curriculum. -
Immigration and Population Growth in the 19th Century
During the 1790's, immigrants came from Ireland, Great Britain, Africa, and the Caribbean. Immigration was unrestricted until the end of the 19th century. Due to the vast number of immigrants, this is where racism and segregation started to plant its seed. They all came to America because it was the land of opportunity, and obtaining land was easy.
http://ushistoryscene.com/article/immigrants-cities-disease/ -
*The Impact of Horace Mann
He was the "Father of the Common School". He made it his life's work to improving public schools and the education of children. He felt like the common school was essential for stability and unity in a society. He promoted public education and was the Secretary of the board of education in Massachusetts in 1837. It impacts us still today because he fought for our education, and he wanted school to be more important.
MOST IMPORTANT
https://www.biography.com/people/horace-mann-9397522 -
*Common Schools
State Systems of education were established for children. These were funded by direct taxation which became acceptable during this time period. Families wanted their children to have an education because they saw it as a way to move up economically. It was also the beginning of Americanization of immigrants flooding into America. Immigration is still a big part of today, and it is how families survive.
MOST IMPORTANT
https://mises.org/library/common-school-movement-and-compulsory-education -
Monitorial Schools, Charity Schools, and Infant schools
Monitorial Schools paid one teacher to instruct hundreds of students using student teachers or monitors that were available. They taught the basics of reading, writing, and basic mathematics
Charity Schools were for poor children in urban areas.
Infant Schools provided education for children 4-5 years old.
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/68138/10.1177_000276429203500307.pdf?sequence=2 -
Committee of Ten
This was a working group of educators that recommended the standardization of American high school curriculum. The wanted to better orient the content that was being taught, and prepare these students for college, and supply the required courses.
http://faculty.knox.edu/jvanderg/202_K/Commof10Recom.htm -
The Impact of WW2
This had a heavy impact on the schools. Many teachers had to leave the classroom for the battlefield, and enrollment caused youth to drop out of school and work. Financial support for schools was reduced because of the war. -
*Brown VS. The Board of Education
This supreme court case ended segregation in public schools. The court decided that separate schools, separate buildings, were not just. The term "Separate-but-equal" was not a justified statement. They looked at if it was illegal to deny entry to a facility based on race. It was determined that schools would be desegregated. This made it so now in this time, we don't even bat an eye at skin color.
MOST IMPORTANT
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
*The Civil Rights Movement
This is one of the most important events because it ended segregation in public facilities, attacked discrimination in employment, and required nondiscriminatory practices in programs and institutions receiving federal funds. This made it so today, we go to school and work with any matter of races and cultures. We don't think twice about the color of someones skin and if it right or wrong to be somewhere.
MOST IMPORTANT
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
Sputnik and NDEA
The Sputnik crisis seemed to confirm the fear that we were losing the cold war because of shortage on trained teachers, engineers, and students. National Defense Education Act or NDEA, sponsored the efforts of academic specialists to revise the curriculum. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
The ESEA funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability. As mandated in the act, funds are specifically used for instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and the promotion of parental involvement.
http://www.k12.wa.us/ESEA/ -
The Measure Movement
WWI was a major factor in the growth of this measurement movement. The IQ tests were created and were used for the military to see which men were suited for service and for what type of service. They were also used to diagnose learning difficulties. -
A Nation at Risk Report 1983
A report given by President Ronald Reagan's national commission regarding excellence in education and pointing to the problems within education.
The report surveys several different studies that point to academic underachievement on national/international scales.
https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html -
The Standards Movement
This movement helped provide clear, measurable standards for all students. All Curriculum and assessments are to align with standards. -
*No Child Left Behind
NCLB required states to develop testing/assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels. Each state developed its own standards. This act has made a difference in public education through further emphasis on annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, and teacher qualifications.
MOST IMPORTANT
https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
