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Thomas Jefferson
Said that Public education is essential to democracy. -
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Horace Mann
Dedicated to promotion of public schools. Leader in Massachusetts State Senate. -
Common Schools
MOST IMPORTANT
Common schools were started so that everyone would have the chance to attend. Even those who couldn't afford it, because it would be funded with tax dollars.
This impacts our schools still today because we now have a public school system nationwide that allows all children to be educated.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/common-school-movement -
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Population Growth and Immigration
The population raised from 13 million to 32 million. This lead to growth in cities and industrialization. -
1st legal case concerning integration
Sarah Robert's was a black child and her father tried enrolling her in 5 different white schools closer to her home then the school she was told to go to but she was turned away at all of them because of the color of her skin. Her father kept pushing the case further and eventually in 1855 Massachusetts changed it's law with no more segregation of schools. -
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The Progressive Reform Movement
Curricular and Administrative reforms. This led to schools being more sanitary, open to air & sunlight, more creative activity, lower pupil to teacher ratio, health care and food services, and improved operational efficiency. -
The Measurement Movement
IQ tests invented by Thorndike and Terman. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
After this case ended they made desegregation made limited progress. This was the beginning of a stronger civil rights revolution. -
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John Dewey
Father of Progressive Education. Believed in child-centered curriculum and learning through experience. -
Civil Rights Act
MOST IMPORTANT
Civil Rights Act passed by Lyndon B. Johnson. Title VI prohibited discrimination on race, color, or nation origin in schools.
This still is enforce today which impacts our school system to still be sure that no one is discriminated against. [https://www.dailynews.com/2014/07/01/how-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-changed-america/] -
The War on Poverty
JFK and LBJ declared the war on poverty. There was a belief at this time that education will improve livelihood. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
MOST IMPORTANT
Aid disadvantaged students. The government gave more that $1 billion in federal funds to education.
This is still impacting schools today because it was the beginning of programs like Head Start which is still around today.
[https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/] -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
EHA established the rights of all children with disabilities to a free appropriate education. Defined and expanded rights of all children. -
A Nation at Risk Report
MOST IMPORTANT
Article released saying that our education system was a "rising tide of mediocrity." It was a call to action for our country and educators. It led to an educational reform.
This still affects our schools today because it started the growth of standardized testing in schools. [https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk.html] -
No Child Left Behind
MOST IMPORTANT
Standards for what all students should know and learn in reading and math subjects. Adequate Yearly Performance is recorded every year.
This still affects our schools today by creating a sort of "competition" between schools and also students to be the best. It makes test scores and learning competitive. [https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html]
