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History of Education
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Harvard Founded
Harvard is said to be, "the oldest institution of higher education in the United States". Founded in 1636 -
Colonial Period 1600s-1700s
During this time period, the vast majority of people were only educated enough to do taxes, read the paper, and read the bible, education was neither free nor public, only one in five children attended school, most educational lessons revolved around the Protestant Bible, average lifetime in school was 82 days and only some went to college. -
Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge
Thomas Jefferson drafted a bill in 1778 to provide free public education, the bill was shot down three different times and a revised version was finally passed in 1796. -
Blue-back Speller
Created by Noah Webster, designed to teach students the American way to spell and read (spelled words differently than the British), included the rules of spelling and pronunciation, sold millions of copies. -
Horace Mann
Horace Mann was a politician and leader of the Massachusetts senate, he was the first secretary of education in 1837, he's the father of the Common School movement -
The Common School
In the 1830s, the Common School movement began, put in place by Horace Mann. The common school pushed for standardization, free schooling funded by taxes, teaching common knowledge across the board and bringing poor and rich together into one school. -
Benjamin Roberts
In the 1840s, Ben Roberts tried to enroll his daughter into a nearby school in Boston, her application was denied due to race; they tried four additional schools and she was denied acceptance into all of them. Ben Roberts started a campaign to end segregation and sued the city of Boston. In 1849, his case reached the Supreme Court and the justice ruled against them. He then took his case back to the state legislature; finally in 1855 a law was passed in Mass. abolishing segregation. -
Civil War Ended - Westward Movement
In 1865, the Civil War ended, which freed slaves allowing them to become literate, free education to all, thousands of people were moving west, and schools were being setup in new settlement areas. Several young women moved west to teach only to arrive to poor working conditions and some having to board with a family of ten in a two bedroom cabin. The west was still wild, some children witnessed gunfights outside of their classrooms. -
Public School Expenditure
$7.6 million -
Public School Enrollment
7.6 million -
Public School Expenditure
$141 million -
Public School Enrollment
12.7 million -
Committee of Ten
In 1892, a committee of representatives of higher education got together and pushed for more schooling; suggesting eight years of elementary learning and four years of high school. They pushed for the same content being taught the same way to every student. They wanted to divide high schools into two groups, college bound and working trades. -
Progressive Schools - Work, Study, Play
Gary, Indiana opened the largest steel mill in the U.S., causing a huge population growth to the area. They started the most progressive school system of all; they had playground, athletic fields, a lagoon in front of the school, swimming pools, etc. They worked on keeping the students in motion, moving classes after every hours; they offered classes in auto mechanics, art, natures, etc. The Gary Plan -
Immigration Wave - Overcrowding
Immigration Wave
Between the years of 1890-1930, an estimated 22 million immigrants, 3 million of them were children. Any given day there were up to 125 children applying to NYC schools. Due to overcrowding in the school system, some students only went to school part time. Some students didn't go to school at all; there were an estimated two million children workers in America in 1910. -
Brown vs Board of Education
Brown v Board of Education Brown vs Board of Education was the lawsuit that ultimately ended legal segregation of schools in the United States. The plaintiffs in the lawsuit were normal, ordinary people who just wanted to be treated equally -
ESEA
ESEA Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was put in place by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This act provided funding for low-income schools/disadvantaged students by means of grants for text books, special education centers, and scholarships for low-income college students. -
IDEA
"Education of All Handicapped Children Act" passed in 1975, later changed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1990. This act provided free, public, appropriate educations for those students with disabilities. [IDEA}(http://www.apa.org/about/gr/issues/disability/idea.aspx) -
Public School Enrollment
50 million
