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Bill of Rights
The bill of rights is passed. While education is not mentioned in any of the amendments, it stated that any powers not granted to the federal government are given to the state government. This made education a function of the state instead of the federal government. This would come to have a large impact on how different education is from state to state. -
Plessy V Ferguson
Allowed segregation on railroads. Now, Black people had to ride in a completely different train car than white people. Plessy argued that the separate car act violated the thirteenth amendment rights. This ruling also affected education because it gave funding for all white students but only for half of the black students in America. -
Brown V Board of Education
Brown V Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in schools was now unconstitutional and no longer acceptable. This over ruled the "separate but equal" from Plessy V Ferguson. The Browns argued that racial segregation in schools made it seem like black people were inferior to whites. This began a major catalyst for the civil rights movement. -
Title IX
Title IX is an education amendment stating that there could no longer be any discrimination in education based on sex. This includes federally funded activities as well. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
This act protected the rights and opportunities of disabled students. It granted all children, regardless of ability access to public schooling. It ensured that schools met individual needs of disabled students. Prior to this, disabled students were not really accommodated for and were expected to either be educated in the same way as other students, or not have an education at all. -
Plyler V Doe
James Plyler was a school superintendent forced to begin charging tuition because the government blocked funding for immigrant children. In this case, the Supreme court decided that educational funding for undocumented immigrant children can no longer be denied. They believed that every child has the right to equal, free, public education. -
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1990
The immigration act helped put more diversity in schools. This act did this by increasing annual immigration to 700,000. They did this by providing family-sponsored visas and employment-based visas. This allowed families to come to the US quicker and more legally. Their children were then put into the education system. -
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
Bill Clinton blocks funding for immigrants for higher education. The only exception is if the funding is offered to any student. This law conflicted heavily with laws in multiple states.