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Introduction 1
Education has existed in some form or another since the beginning of the human species. This is due to the fact that education, or the process of aiding learning, has always been required. After all, without education, no generation can be sufficiently prepared to discharge the tasks of the world. -
Introduction 2
Progressive education and digital technology have brought us to this point, where we are getting closer to a flipped learning paradigm in which students are becoming more independent and involved in their own learning. That is why, especially in a topic as diverse as ELT (English Language Teaching), the integration of education and technology, or educational technology, is critical, because ELT is primarily a learner-centered profession. -
The First Public School
Puritans living on American shores understood the necessity for public education as early as the 17th century. This demographic believed that education was necessary for imparting both fundamental academic abilities and important religious beliefs. Boston Latin School was founded in 1635 as the first public high school in Boston, Massachusetts. The school is still operational today. [1] -
Chalkboard
A chalkboard (also known as a blackboard) is a reusable writing surface on which text or drawings are formed using sticks of calcium sulphate or calcium carbonate, known as chalk when used for this purpose. They were originally fashioned of smooth, thin sheets of black or dark grey slate stone. [2] -
Radio
An analytical and scientific observation has been made to indicate that radio broadcasting is the most popular technology for learning and teaching English, and that even the poorest of the poor may be able to study and train using this most economical type of technology. using radio as a means of facilitating two-way communication. -
Behaviourist/Structural CALL
Because it is based on behaviorist principles, this method is known as drill-and-practice CALL.
Behaviorist CALL faded in the late 1970s as a result of advances in psychology, language, and technology. In the realm of psychology, the rise of Cognitivism and Constructivism opposed behaviorism and its theoretical foundations. [4] -
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CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning)
The acronym CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) appears to have been coined at the beginning of the 1980s.
It may be defined as "the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning".
Warschauer (1996) and Warschauer & Healey (1998) took a different approach, identifying three phases of CALL, classified according to their underlying pedagogical and methodological approaches: Behaviouristic, Communicative and Integrative CALL. [3] -
Skinner's Teaching Machine
Skinner was in charge of a new form of computer called GLIDER, which applied his views on how positive reinforcement could be used to control learning. It provided automatic, immediate, and consistent reinforcement without the use of aversive control; the material presented was coherent, and the pace of learning could be adjusted to suit the individual. [2] -
Personal Computer (PC)
A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose microcomputer whose size, features, and cost make it suitable for home usage. Personal computers are designed to be used by end users rather than computer experts or technicians. Personal computers, unlike massive, expensive minicomputers and mainframes, do not support time-sharing by several users at the same time. [2] -
Communicative CALL
The second generation of CALL, known as Communicative CALL, arose as a result of the 1980s upheaval in the field of language teaching and learning. The incorporation of cognitive and humanistic psychology into ELT resulted in the proposal of communicative language instruction, the purpose of which was to develop language learners' communicative competence. [4] -
World Wide Web (The Internet)
The Internet (or internet) is a global network of interconnected computer networks that interact using the Internet protocol suite. It is a network of networks made up of local to global private, public, academic, corporate, and government networks linked by a variety of electrical, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet provides a large array of information resources and services, such as the hypertext pages and applications, electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.[2] -
Integrative CALL
The third generation of CALL, or Integrative CALL, evolved in the 1990s as a result of two groundbreaking technology breakthroughs, multimedia and the Internet.
Integrative CALL incorporates relevant technology into the language learning process to integrate language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) at the fifth skill level. [4] -
First Online Courses
In 1995, the first entirely online courses were launched. -
Interactive Whiteboard (Smartboard)
An interactive whiteboard (IWB), also known as interactive board or smart board, is a large interactive display board in the form factor of a whiteboard. It can either be a standalone touchscreen computer used independently to perform tasks and operations, or a connectable apparatus used as a touchpad to control computers from a projector. They are used in a variety of settings, including classrooms at all levels of education, in corporate board rooms...etc. [2] -
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MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning)
Language learning that is aided or increased by the use of a portable mobile device is known as mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). MALL is a subset of both Mobile Learning and computer-assisted language learning. With the rising usage of mobile technology such as cell phones, MP3/MP4 players, and devices such as the iPhone, MALL has developed to help students' language learning. Students may use it to access language learning resources and connect with their teachers at any time. [2] -
Web 2.0
A Web 2.0 website enables users to communicate and work with one another as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community through social media discussion. Social networking or social media sites (e.g., Facebook), blogs, wikis, video sharing sites (e.g., YouTube), picture sharing sites (e.g., Flickr), hosted services, Web applications ("apps"), collaborative consumption platforms, and mashup applications are examples of Web 2.0 characteristics. [2] -
Tablets
A tablet computer, sometimes known as a tablet computer, is a mobile device that combines a mobile operating system, touchscreen display processing circuits, and a rechargeable battery into a single, small, and flat compact. [2] -
References
[3] Davies G., Walker R., Rendall H. & Hewer S. (2012) Introduction to Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Module 1.4 in Davies G. (ed.) Information and Communications Technology for Language Teachers (ICT4LT), Slough, Thames Valley University [Online].
[4] Rahimi, M., & Pourshahbaz, S. (Eds.). (2018). English as a Foreign Language Teachers' TPACK: Emerging Research and Opportunities: Emerging Research and Opportunities.
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[1]www.publicschoolreview.com
[2]www.wikipedia.org