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Johann Amos Comenius
Johann Amos Comenius basically created the timeline of our American School systems; kindergarten, elementary schools, secondary school, college. Comenius also believed that everyone was born with a natural craving for knowledge and goodness and that the schools beat it out of them. He was also one of the first people to realize it is important to educate very young children. -
john locke
John Locke wrote an essay that basically said children are born with a clean slate, they don't know anything initially. Locke says all knowledge comes from all of their personal experiences. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduced something we now call "naturalism". He believed the natural growth of children in a natural environment meant they had an adequate education. -
Johann Henrich Pestalozzi
In 1799 Johann Henrich Pestalozzi started to volunteer and provide his services as a teacher. Soon after this, he moved his school to Yverdon. His perspective on education had two main goals; to develop an individual and improve society. He believes the child should be the center of the education, not necessarily the curriculum. His idea of a classroom was also based on his family; loving, caring, and cooperative. -
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel began to put his education theories to the test in 1816. He purely believes in "self-activity". He despised circles, toys, and groups. He believed the teacher was there to drill, but to encourage self-expression through play, without toys. Today preschool and kindergarten education techniques are very much dependent on his theories. -
robert owens
Owens opened the first infant school in 1816. Owens believed in outdoor play with nature. He believed that the outdoors were vital for growth and development. He also deeply cared about his employees welfare, abolishing child labor, and social reform -
First kindergarten
Frederick Froebel opened the first kindergarten in Germany. The educator's perspective in this kindergarten was that children were naturally good and active listeners which varied from the common perspective in that time -
Media and Technology
By the end of the 1900's scientists said brain development is now blended with our usage of technology in school. Technology in school is here to stay. -
Maria Montessori
Maria Montessori's theory was that every child is able to independently learn and play. She believed all children have a natural desire to learn and create, and they should be given the freedom to discover and explore at their own pace. In 1907 Maria opened a daycare, and here she executed her theories. By 1910 there were Montessori schools in Western Europe and the United States. -
Nursery Schools
A school in London, Deptford School, is opened by Margaret McMillan. This school focuses on health and play, and it was the first "nursery school" without having that title. The schools migrated from England to the United States in the 1920's -
Rudolf Steiner
The first Waldorf school opened and Steiner was the leader of education. His theory was that children should be exposed to real-life situations to learn. These included cleaning, cooking, etc. He said educating learner's feelings is just as important as intellectual advancement. -
A. S Neill
in 1921 A. S Neill created his own school. In this school he believed students should direct their own learning. He was very concerned about students rights, freedom, and social character development. He didn't conform with popular morals, and this was the main reason he decided to go on his own. Later in the 60s, Neills work joined with Jean-Jacques Rousseau's to greatly influence the free/alternative schools movement of the 1960s and 1970s. -
Sputnik
Federal aid to education wasn't a thing in the early 1900s. After Sputnik, everyone's eyes were opened and another bill was passed. When it was, there was a meeting where they strategized for getting NDEA started. Here they discussed loans and grants for schools. They also started the National Defense Education Act of 1958 and it became one of the most successful legislative initiatives in higher education. -
Head Start
President Lyndon B. Johnson created Head Start as part of the War on Poverty in 1965. Head Start was created to provide comprehension child developmental services. It was quite literally meant to help some children get a head start. This service monitored growth in all areas; social, emotional, cognitive, and more. today over 32 million children have been serviced. -
High Scope
In a high-scope classroom, the objective is to have hands-on learning and student-driven projects. If a student has an interest the teacher helps the child execute a similar project. There are 5 main focuses, active learning, positive adult-child interactions, a child-friendly learning environment, a consistent daily routine, and team-based assessment -
Social Reform
Social reform is the ethics used in schools, one of the first times social reform was used in child advocacy was in 1975. In 1975 CDF Assisted in passing the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. CDF was a group led by Marian wright edelman for child advocacy. -
DAP
In the 1980s the number of prekindergarten programs began to increase, meaning so did the number of concerned parents. These parents were concerned they were getting the correct practices and schooling. The term was originally meant for ages 4-5, then through age 8. The NAEYC now has both public and private organizations and they have grown a lot. -
No child left behind
No Child Left Behind was passed in the United States. This means federal programs were to improve their performance. All public schools now receive federal funding to do statewide annual testing for all students. As well as an annual report card with progress and highly qualified teachers. -
standards
in 2010 Common Core State standards for grades k-12 are published for English language arts and math by National Governors Association