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Formalizing Scientific Inquiry
In England, Francis Bacon's "Advancement of Learning" champions empirical investigation and Charles II establishes the Royal Society to further to foster science and scientific research. John Locke is an early member. Emphasis shofts away from the individual and towards the practical, structured study of the benefits of science (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010) -
Thomas Hobbes
First to recognize the importance of imagination in human thought and planning. This becomes a popular idea of discussion for much of The Enlightenment (Kaufman & STernberg, 2010). -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
One of the father's of Romanticism. Believed creativity was a deeply emotional process. His ideas were a stark contrast to Smith's ideas Between the two we see the conflict between to rational and creativie playing out in history (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010). -
Adam Smith
Smith was one of the first to realize the need for a science of human behavior. He published "The Wealth of Nations" to convince others of his ideas (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010). His strict empirical approach was a great contrast to Rousseau (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010). -
Francis Galton
Inspired by the work of Darwin. Studied prominent individuals to try to understand the nature of genius, intelligence, and creativity. He concluded that there is the potential for genius in every individual (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010) -
Catharine Cox Miles
Did extensive research on intelligence. One of the first to determine that there were factors beyond IQ that led to success. These traits include: persistance, motivation, effort, confidence in one's abilities, and force of character (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010)
