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3000 BCE
Abacus
Earliest calculating device. Most likely first appeared in Iraq or China 5000 years ago. Used for performing arithmetic -
Napier's Bones
Created by John Napier. Can be used to calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. -
Slide Rule
Primarily used for multiplication and division, has other functions but not used to calculation addition and subtraction. -
Pascaline
First mechanical calculator. Invented by Blaise Pascal at 19 years of age. -
First Mechanical Computer Invented
The first mechanical computer was invented by Charles Babbage. It was to eliminate the high error rate caused by human errors. However, modern people do not consider it as any computer like nowadays -
First programmable computer
The Z1 was created by Konrad Zuse. Finally, it is an electro-mechanical binary programmable computer that modern people would consider as an actual computer. It is the first functional modern computer. -
Colossus
The Colossus was a set of computers developed by a group of British codebreakers. It was used to decode during WW2. It remained a secret until the 1970s. -
Introduction of operating systems
During the 1940s, computers didn't have operating systems. They were only able to run one program at a time and was programmable through a large set of on/off switches. In 1956 General Motors' Research division produced the first operating system used for real work, the GM-NAA I/O. -
Hard Disk Drive
The Hard Disk Drive(HDD) is a data storage device. It uses one or more rapidly spinning disks to store and retrieve data. It became the dominant second storage device by the 1960s. -
Transistor Computer
A transistor computer is a computer that used discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first transistor computer was believed to be built by University of Manchester. -
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
The term "Central Processing Unit" has been used since the 1960s. It is "the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.(Wikipedia)" Most processors today are microprocessors. -
Introduction of the Internet
The Internet was used to connect several separate network into a network of networks. In 1969, the first message of "lo" was sent through the ARPANET from UCLA to Stanford Research Institute. -
Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a normal CPU, but on a single or a few integrated circuit (IC), . It does the same as any other processor does. However, compared to older, larger CPU, microprocessors greatly reduced the cost of processing power, increasing efficiency. Also, single-chip processors has a highter reliability because there are fewer electrical connections that could fail. -
Intel 4004
The Intel 4004 was the first microprocessor. It is a 4-bit CPU and it "announced a new era in integrated electronics". It was made possible because of the then-new silicon gate technology. -
TCP/IP
Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf developed the TCP/IP. It is a network protocol and became standard on the ARPANET. -
Ethernet
Ethernet cables connected computers to the Ethernet, then, a computer could connect to a local area network (LAN). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet] -
Mac OS
In January 24th, 1984, Apple released its first "mac OS" operating system. This wasn't their first operating system. In fact, their first OS was the Apple DOS 3.1 which was introduced in 1978. The classic mac OS had 9 generations, then in 2001 apple released the mac OS X 10.0. It goes all the way up to 10.14 which was released in 2018. Mac OS is know for its security and simple but powerful user interface. -
Windows Operating System
In 1985, Microsoft launched their first operating system, Windows. The Windows 1.0 had several components included Calculator, Calendar, Cardfile, Clipboard viewer, Clock, Control Panel, Notepad, Paint, Reversi, Terminal and Write. -
World Wide Web
Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web. It is a global information sharing hypermedia based on internet. [https://internethalloffame.org/inductees/tim-berners-lee] -
WiFi
WiFi has a great influence in the modern world. It works by connecting a router to the internet, then sending high-frequency radio signals. Your devices picks up and reads the signal, and after that sends back signals to the internet. The father of WiFi is Vic Hayes. -
Memory Card
The memory card is a flash memory data storage device that is commonly used in smaller electronics such as phones, laptops, cameras, etc,. -
DVDs (digital versatile disc)
It is a "digital optical disc storage format" that can store any kind of digital data. Used for software, computer programs, and videos. -
USB Flash Drive
The USB Flash Drive is a data storage device that offers flash memory with a USB interface. Since its introduction in late 2000, it became a popular way of storing data. Currently, there are some USB Flash Drives that offers 2TB of storage. -
cloud computing
According to [https://www.dictionary.com/browse/cloud-computing], cloud computing is a noun that means "Internet-based computing in which large groups of remote servers are networked so as to allow sharing of data-processing tasks, centralized data storage, and online access to computer services or resources." -
Cloud computing advantages
Cloud computing has become a more beneficial way to work and study because of its advantages.
1.Cloud drive has the ability to share information to multiple individuals. It is great for people to work together at a far distance.
More in the link
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Windows 7
Many people rated Windows 7 as their favorite operating system in the Windows family. It had way more fans than any previous generations. Also, it was significantly more secure and simple compared to the previous ones. At the same time, it had a brand new look and new functions. [https://www.lifewire.com/top-windows-editions-3507037] -
Microsoft Office 365
One of the most used cloud computing platforms today is Office 365. It offers a series of tools such as Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook(Hotmail) and many other. -
Google Drive
Google Drive is a "file storage and synchronization service" developed by Google. It offers a platform that allows users to store and share their files. Although it does have identical tools as Office 365, it is not as yet as powerful. -
Modern processors
The most commonly used processors today are the Intel core i3, i5, i9 series, and the Pentium series. Compared to the Intel 4004, the modern processors have a 200000-800000 times better performance depending on how many cores it has and how powerful it is.
