History of chemistry

By JamiahTa19
  • 1700 BCE

    King Hammurabi's regin over Babylon

    King Hammurabi was known for metals that were recorded and listed in conjunction with heavenly bodies.
  • 430 BCE

    Democritus of ancient Greece

    Democritus proclaims the atom to be the simplest unit of matter. All matter was composed to atoms.
  • 300 BCE

    Aristole of ancient Greece

    The four elements: fire, air, Earth, and water were the only four elements of existence and all matter is made up of these for elements and the matter had four properties: hot, dry, cold, and wet.
  • Period: 300 BCE to 300

    The Advant of the Alchemist

    Alchemist was influenced by the Aristotle ideas that they attempted to transmute cheap metals to gold and the substance used for this conversion was called the "Philosopher's Stone"
  • Period: 1200 to 1400

    Failure of the Gold Business

    Pope John XXII issued an edict against gold making while the gold business continued. Despite the alchemists' efforts, transmutation of cheap metals to gold never happened within this time period.
  • 1520

    Elixir of Life

    Not only did the Alchemist wanted to convert metals into gold, they also wanted to find a chemical concoction that would enable people to live longer and cure all ailments. The elixir of life never happened either.

  • 1600s

    The study of chemistry was directed by alchemist with goals of transforming common metals into silver or gold and making a chemical elixir that would extend life. These goals were an important discovery but sadly it was never achieved.
  • Period: to

    Robert Boyle

    Robert Boyle was a scientist who studied and discovered the behavior of gases and discovered the inverse relationship between volume and pressure of a gas.

  • The Sceptical Cymist

    On 1661, Boyle wrote his first chemistry textbook called " The Sceptical Cymist". It moved into the study of substances away from mystical associations with alchemy and toward scientific investigations.

  • Death of Alchemy

    The four elements of Aristotle theory was a publishing of a book called " Skeptical Chemist by Robert Boyle, but it was to combine and destroy the early form of chemistry.

  • Jābir ibn Hayyān

    Jābir ibn Hayyān is a Muslim astronomer and a philosopher and scientist who was the first scientist to use scientific methods to study materials. He was known as the “father of chemistry” and is the author of 22 scrolls. The methods were evaporation, distillation, sublimation, and crystallization.

  • Jābir ibn Hayyā‘s classification system

    -Spirits” — materials that would vaporize when heated.
    -"Metals" — including iron, tin, copper, and lead.
    -Non-malleable substances — materials that could be made into powders, such as stone.
  • Period: to

    Joseph Priestly

    Joseph Priestly deny the idea of air being an invisible element and showed that air was a combination of gases when he isolated oxygen and went on to discover seven other discreet gases.
  • Period: to

    Antoine Lavoisier

    Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist who made an important contributions to science. He developed the metric system in order to insure uniform weights and measures and was accepted in the French Academy of Sciences in 1768. He then married 13-year-old daughter of a colleague named Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
  • Period: to

    Jaques Charles

    Jaques Charles was best known for his studies on how volume of gases changes with temperature. He was a mathematician and physicist remembered for his pioneering work with gases and hydrogen balloon flights.

  • Jacques Charles discovery

    Charles launched his first hydrogen-filled balloon using gas produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid on iron fillings.

  • Lavoisier’s Law of Conservation

    Lavoisier published “Methods of Chemical Nomenclature” that includes the naming of the chemical compounds we still use today

  • Lavoisier’s next textbook

    Lavoisier’s next textbook “Elementary Treatise of Chemistry”, defines chemical element as a substance that cannot be reduced into weight by a chemical reaction. Oxygen, carbon, sulfur, iron and other 30 elements are known to exist.

  • Jospeph Proust studies

    Proust has studied pure compounds and stated the Law of Definite Proportions- a chemical compound will always have its own characteristic ratio of elemental components. For example, water always has a two-to-one ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.

  • John Dalton

    An English meteorologistname John Dalton speculated on phenomenon of water. He speculated that the water vapor had to do with number of particles present were in the gases plus stated that they were either more particles in the “heavier” gases in those particles.

  • John Dalton’s First atomic theory of matter

    1. Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
    2. Atoms of the same element are identical in size, mass and other properties. Atoms of different elements have different properties.
    3. Atoms cannot be created, subdivided or destroyed.
    4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds.
    5. In chemical reactions atoms are combined, separated or rearranged to form new compounds.
  • Period: to

    Dmitri Mendeleev

    Mendeleev is a Russian chemist known for developing the first periodic table of the elements. He listed at least 63 known elements and on their properties cards. He arranged the elements by increasing the atomic mass and group elements with similar properties. When Mendeleev saw the blank space on the table, he predicted the properties of elements that had yet to be discovered. The original table has been updated to have 92 naturally occurring elements and 26 synthesized elements.
  • Period: to

    Niels Bohr

    Niels Bohr solved the atomic model by using Planck's information. He predicted that the electrons inhabit distinct energy levels and light is only emitted when an electrically "excited" electron is forced to change energy levels. In levels the more distant from the nucleus the electrons have increased its energy. Bohr models have been replaced by more accurate atomic models and are still used as simplified diagrams to show chemical bonding.

  • Henri Becquerel

    Henri Becquerel along side with Pierre and Marie Curi showed the certain elements emit energy and fixed rates.

  • Max Planck

    Max Planck discovered that energy must emitted in discreet units that are called “quanta”. It appeared that atoms were made up of still smaller particles, some of which could move away.

  • Ernst Rutherford

    Ernst Rutherford showed that atoms consist tiny dense positively charged region surrounded by relatively large areas of empty space but still smaller negative charged particles(electrons). He also assumed that the electrons orbit the nucleus in separate near orbits just like planets orbit around the sun. But since the nucleus is larger and dense than electrons, he couldn’t explain why the electrons were not simply pulled into the nucleus and destroying the atom.

  • James Chadwick

    James Chadwick was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the equal number of electrically neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom. Even though the neutrons are electrically neutral, they aren't deflected by either electrons or protons.