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The first chemical battery
In 1800, Volta invented the first true battery, the discipline of electrochemistry -
William Prout classifies biomolecules into their modern grouping
groupings: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. -
Carbon is tetravalent
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz proposes that carbon is tetravalent, or forms exactly four chemical bonds -
First periodic table
Lothar Meyer develops an early version of the periodic table, with 28 elements organized by valence -
glucose and related sugars.
Hermann Emil Fischer proposes structure of purine, a key structure in many biomolecules, which he later synthesized in 1898. Also begins work on the chemistry of glucose and related sugars. -
discovers the octahedral structure of cobalt
Alfred Werner discovers the octahedral structure of cobalt complexes, thus establishing the field of coordination chemistry -
discovers the noble gases
William Ramsay discovers the noble gases, which fill a large and unexpected gap in the periodic table and led to models of chemical bonding. -
discovers the source of radioactivity as decaying atoms
Ernest Rutherford discovers the source of radioactivity as decaying atoms; coins terms for various types of radiation -
develops the concept of molecular dipole
Peter Debye develops the concept of molecular dipole to describe asymmetric charge distribution in some molecules -
develop the exclusion principle,
Wolfgang Pauli develops the exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons around a single nucleus may have the same quantum state, as described by four quantum numbers
