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Jan 1, 1250
Blood in the lungs
Eminent Cairo discovers the flow of blood to and from the lungs -
Explanation of Blood in the Heart
William Harvey explains how blood flows and circulated from the heart through the body. -
Description of Red Blood Cells
Jan Swammerdam is told to be the first to observe and desribe red blood cells. -
First Animal-Animal Blood Transfusion
Richard Lower performs the first ever blood transfusion by taking a dog who's bled to death by connecting the jugular vein to a second dogs neck artery, causing the first dog to regain consciousness and live. -
First Human-Animal Blood Transfusion
Jean-Baptiste Denis transfuses a teenage boy with nine ounces lamb's blood because of a persistant fever. He connects the lamb's carotid artery to a vein in the boy's forearm, without the patient suffering bad consequences. Jean uses the procedure on other patients, until the death of his patient Antoine Mauroy. -
Ban of Human Transfusions
Dr. Denis sues Antoine Mauroy's widow for slandering his reputation. This causes the French Parliament to ban all human transfucions, England and Rome soon follow. -
Red blood cells size
Anton van Leeuwenhoek describes red blood cells, by approximating their size as "25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand." -
Specifics of Blood Clotting
William Hewson specifies his research on blood coagulation, including his success at clotting and isolating a substance from plasma he names "coagulable lymph." The substance is now fibrogen, a protein in the clotting process -
First Credited Human-Human Blood Transfusion
A footnote in a medical journal gives credit to Philip Syng Physick, from Philadelphia who they say perfromed the first human-human blood transfusion. However, his work was not published. -
First Recorded Human-to-Human Blood Transfusion.
James Blundell performs the first recorded human-to-human blood transfusion. Using a syringe, he injects a patient suffering from internal bleeding with 12 to 14 ounces of blood from different donors. Although after some improvement, the patient did not survive. -
Fragments of Bone Marrow Make Up Clots in Blood Vessels
Sir William Osler discovers cell fragments from bone marrow makeup the clots formed in blood vessels. These bone marrow fragments will later be named platelets. -
Discovery of Human Blood Types
Karl Landsteiner publishes his discovery of the three main human blood groups -- A, B, and C, which he eventually changes to today's O. -
Discovery of the Blood Type AB
Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli discover a fourth blood type the name AB. AB causes agglution of both A and B's red blood cells. -
Checking Blood
Dr. Ludvig Hektoen of Chicago suggest to check the blood of donors and their recipients for compatibility,cross matching, to prevent transfusion reactions. Dr. Reuben Ottenberg performs the first transfusion using cross matching, eliminating transfusion reactions. -
Preventing Blood Clotting
Albert Hustin discovers that adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent it from clotting. -
Coagulation
Dr. Richard Lewisohn, creates a formula of concentrated sodium citrate that can be mixed with donor blood to stop coagulation, but only has .2% danger to the recipient. -
Citrated Blood can be stored and transfussed
Dr. Richard Weil determines that citrated blood can be refrigerated, stored and still successfully transfussed. -
Blood Can Now Be Stored For A Few Weeks
Francis Peyton Rous and J.R.create a citrate-glucose solution that lets blood sit in storage for a few weeks and still be considered usable. -
First Blood Deposit
Dr. Oswald Robertson collects and stores type O blood, with citrate-glucose solution, before the dealths during the Battle of Cambrai in World War I. By doing this he creates the first blood deposit. -
Cadaver Blood Transfusions and Blood Networks
Dr. Serge Yudin is the first to test the transfusing of blood between humans and cadaver blood. His efforts are successful after resuscitating a young man by injecting him with 420 cc of blood from a cadaver of a 60-year-old man who has died. The Soviets are the first to create facilities to collect and store blood for use in transfusions at hospitals. -
"Blood Bank"
Dr. Bernard Fantus comes up with the saying "blood bank" to describe the facilities that collect and preserve. -
Rh-
Drs. Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener discover the Rh blood group by experimenting with the red blood cells of Rhesus monkeys. They identify the antibody found by Levine and Stetson to be anti-Rh. -
Signs Of Rh
Drs. Philip Levine and R.E. Stetson discover an unknown antibody in the blood of a woman who gave birth to a stillborn, and suspect that a factor in the blood of the fetus, inherited from the father, creates an antibody product in the mother. -
Blood Shipment
Dr. Drew devises a modern and highly sterile system to process, test, and store plasma for shipment of blood through the Red Cross. -
Increasing Blood Volume
Dr. Isidor Ravdin successfully adds albumin to increase blood volume in Pearl Harbor victims. -
Transfusion-transmitted Hepatitis
Dr. Paul Beeson links jaundice in seven cases to blood or plasma transfusions the patients receive a few months prior, creating the description of tranfusion-transmitted hepatitis. -
Revolution in blood collection
Dr. Carl W. Walter, produces for blood collection. The use of glass bottles prompted him to create a stronger and more portable container using plastic, which revolutionizes blood collection. -
Unravelling of Hemoglobin
Dr. Max Perutz unravls the structure of hemoglobin which is the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. -
Cyoprecipitates
Dr. Judith Pool discovers that deposits called cryoprecipitates are found to have much greater clotting power than plasma. Cyro can be kept frozen at home and infused, after being thawed. -
First Signs Of AIDS
The first cases of a syndrome initially called GRID (Gay-related Immunodeficiency Disease), due to its findings in gay men, are reported. GRID will eventually be renamed AIDS. -
AIDS is Located in Blood
Dr. Bruce Evatt suggest GRID (AIDS) may be blood born after findings in hemophiliacs also begin to develop. -
LAV
Dr. Luc Montagnier's lab at the Institut Pasteur discover the virus that causes AIDS. They locate it in the swollen lymph node in the neck of a Parisian AIDS patient, its names LAV. -
Specifics of AIDS
Dr. Robert Gallo of the NIH announces that he's specifically identified what virus causes AIDS in the swollen lymph node. He calls HTLV III (human T-cell lymphotropic virus), -
ELISA Test
The ELISA test is adopted by all blood and plasma deposits to stop the spreading of AIDS and HIV antibodies. -
More blood disease test
A series of more tests are created and distributed to screen donor blood for disease.