History of Autism

By TML300
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    History of Autism

  • Gaspard Itard made first reference to autistic symptoms

  • Itard published "An historical account of the discovery and education of a savage man"

  • Eugen Bleuler - word autism refers to an "escape from reality"

    Autism originated from Greek word "Autos" meaning self. Orignally meant as a basic disturbance in schizophrenia when a person withdrawls themselves from social life.

  • Leo Kanner - Infantile Autism

    First formal documentation of autism, published "Autistic disturbances of affective contact"

  • Hans Asperger - Asperger Syndrome

    Four cases of "autistic psychopathy of childhood"

  • Mildred Creak - nine-point scale for objectively diagnosing autism

    No one item was predictive in insolation.
    Children that displayed 7 or more of the items could be considered for a diagnosis of infantile autism.

  • Bernard Rimland - challenged idea of parent connection to autism

    He presented evidence that autism had a biological basis and not poor parent relationships with children.

  • Bruno Bettelheim - autism caused by poor parent-child relationship

    Children had to withdrawl due to their mother's neglect.
    He claimed to have success in the treatment of autism over an 11 year period (1956-1967)

  • PL94-142 Education for All Handicapped Act

    Included a least restrictive environment which meant that children with autism would be provided an education by the state's school system

  • US Developmental Disability Act

    Included autism due to the need for special education services and financial support

  • Autism added to the DSM-III under "infantile autism"

    Under the category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders

  • Lorna Wing - contibuted to extending knowledge of autistic conditions

    She had influence in the development of the "autism spectrum".
    She contributed to: parent organizations and literature for parents.
    She was instrumental in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of autistic people and their families.

  • DSM-IIIR- infantile autism changed to autistic disorder and criteria established

    The required age onset was dropped. Criteria for autistic disorder was based on symptoms.

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

    Included educational services using assistive technology to children with autistic disorders

  • DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder inlcuded on a "spectrum"

    Spectrum included autistic disorder and Asperger syndrome.

    Age onset of 18 months established.

  • Andrew Wakefield and other researchers suggested vaccines caused autism

    Suggested that it was caused from the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine should be given in separate doses

  • Amanda C. v. Clark County School District and Nevada Department of Education

    Informing parents of rights/procedural safeguards

  • No Child Left Behind Act

    Autistic children gained an emphasis on early interventions and teachers were required to be highly qualified

  • Michael v. Kanawhaha

    IEP supplemental services covered under IDEA

  • Institute of Medicine's Immunization Safety Reivew Committee rejected relationship between vaccines and autism

  • DSM-5 new definition of autism by narrowing criteria