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384 BCE
Aristotle
greek astronomer proved the earth was spherical, that it was the center of the universe, and sun, stars, moon rotates around earth -
190 BCE
Hipparchus
greek astronomer and mathematician who calculated distance between earth and moon, discovered precession of the equinoxes, calculated the length of the year, compiled the first known star catalog, and made an early formation of trigonometry -
100
Ptolemy: Geocentric Model
Claudius Ptolemy's model could so accurately explain the motions of heavenly bodies, it became the model for understanding the structure of the solar system. Proposed idea that earth was center of solar system. Geo: “relating to earth” -
1473
Copernicus: Heliocentric Model
Nicolai Copernicus proposed that the sun is the center of the solar system, not the earth. Helio: “relating to sun”. He also proposed the scientific method. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
astronomer who made the most precise celestial observations, and most precise instruments that allowed him to make accurate observations -
1564
Galileo: Jupiter’s Main Moons
4 largest moons of Jupiter founded by Galileo : Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto. Invented telescope. He also supported the heliocentric model and discovered spots on the sun and that stars are not fixed -
1570
Hans Lippershey
a dutch eyeglass maker that was associated with the invention of the telescope because he is the first to obtain a patent. His telescope was 3x. -
1571
Johannes Kepler: Elliptical Orbits
He was Tychos’s assistant, discovered 3 laws of planetary motion and found that orbit of planets are not circular but elliptical (oval). Unification of astronomy and physics. -
Refracting telescope
It is a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect light. A refactor telescope uses a glass lens as its objective for light to pass through, whereas a reflecting telescope uses a mirror for the lens and light bounces back. -
Giovanni Cassini
he was an astronomer that made first observations of Saturn's moons. He also discovered the Cassini Division which was the dark gap between Saturn’s a and b rings -
Sir Isaac Newton
he was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist who developed new laws of mechanics, gravity and laws of motion. -
Reflecting Telescope
It uses a mirror to gather and focus light where instead of light passing through the lens, a refracting telescope, it is being reflected back -
William Herschel
he was an astronomer discovered the planet Uranus and several moons around other gas giants. He also compiled a catalog of 2,500 celestial objects that we still use today and created a 40-foot long telescope. -
Percival Lowell
he was an astronomer who predicted the existence of a planet beyond the orbit of Neptune and initiated the search. Lowell decided to devote his fortune to the study of mars inspired by the discovery of the canal. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
he was a Danish astronomer who classified types of stars by comparing their color to their absolute brightness. he established the luminosity scale of Cepheid variable stars used for measuring intergalactic distances. -
Albert Einstein
he was a physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel prize of 1921 for physics. He discovered a new form of matter, black holes, new generations of space satellites, gravitation waves and more.. -
Edwin Hubble
he was an american astronomer who proved that the clouds of light astronomers saw in the night sky were actually other galaxies beyond our Milky Way. His greatest discovery was identifying the relationship between a galaxy's distance and the speed with which it is moving -
Karl Jansky
he was an american engineer whose discovery of radio waves initiated the development of "radio astronomy". He identified such things like the radio telescope, radio and radar astronomy, and radio source. -
Yuri Gagarin
He became the first human to orbit Earth and circled Earth at a speed of 27,400 kilometers per hour. The flight lasted 108 minutes -
Sputnik
It was the world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball. Russia was successful in launching the first satellite into space to orbit Earth. Putting the Soviet Union ahead of the United States. Science and space travel became a new priority for the U.S. and the educational system. -
John Glenn
first U.S. citizen to orbit earth 3x -
Period: to
Apollo Missions
the program was created to land astronauts on the moon and bring them back safely -
Neil Armstrong
was the first person to set foot on the moon. Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon Mission with commander Neil Armstrong. -
First Space Shuttle Flight
Space Shuttle Columbia was the first re-usable spacecraft. It would launch like a rocket and land like a plane. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
a technology demonstration of a new way to deliver an instrumented lander and the first-ever robotic rover to the surface of Mars. -
Cassini Orbiter
the spacecraft was capable of taking precise measurements and detailed images in different conditions and light spectrum. It was a spacecraft dedicated to look at Saturn and its system named for Giovanni Cassini who observed four of Saturn's moons. -
SpaceX Falcon Heavy
It is the most powerful rocket in the world and was designed to carry humans into space and restores the possibility of flying missions with crew to the Moon or Mars.
