history of astronomy

aristotle

384 BCE

(384 BC- 322 BC)Found his own school, Platonic academy.

Hipparchus

162 BCE

(190 BC- 120 BC) Founder of the trigonometry, famous for his discovery of precession of the equinoxes.

Ptolemy

100

(100-170) Geocentric is a description of the universe and the earth is in the center.

Copernicus

1542

(1472-1542)Proposed everything evolved around the sun. Came up with the heliocentric model. The heliocentric model where the sun is in the center and all the planets are evolving around it. Named by the heliocentric orbit.

Tycho Brahe

1546

Known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical instruments and planetary observations. Recorded data on the motion of the sun, moons and planets and moon relative to fixed stars within 1 arc minute.

Hans Lippershey

1608

(1570-1619) Was a glasses maker, used lens to make 3x magnification telescope called the refracting telescope

Refracting telescope

1608

first type of optical telescope that bends the image. Different than the reflecting telescope because this one uses 2 lenses instead of 2 mirrors.

Johannes Kepler

1609

(1571-1630) Brahe's assistant developed 3 laws that described the motion of the planets across the sky. With the sun at the focus all the planets move in an elliptical orbits.

Galileo

1610

(1564-1642) Invented the first version of the telescope, discovered the 4 Galileo moons (Lo, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto). Discovered sunspots and that the stars not fixed to celestial sphere.

Giovanni Cassini

1625

(1625-1712) Discovered the divisions of the rings of Saturn.

Mariners Astrolable

1645

Used to determine latitude of a ship at sea.

Sir Isaac Newton

1668

(1643-1727) invented the reflecting telescope in 1668, known for his work on gravity and 3 laws of motion.

reflecting telescope

1668

Uses 2 curved mirrors than reflect the light. different from the refracting telescope because this one uses mirrors instead of lens.

William Herschel

1800

(1738-1822) discovered the planet Uranus and lots of moons. Formed the theory of stellar evolution and 2 of Saturn's moons. discovered that you can bend colors into there light. (prism)

Percivial Lowell

1855

(1855-1916) discovered the planet Pluto and studied "canalis". Moved to Flagstaff AZ to study Mars.

Edwin Hubble

1889

(1889-1953) Established the fields of extragalactic astronomy, discovered that the universe is expanding. Developed the big bang theory.

Karl Jansky

1905

(1905-1950) discovered that radio waves are emanating from space. Radio waves are the longest form of waves.

Hertzsprung

1910

(1873-1977) Classified stars by their color and brightness with the HR diagram, made his diagram with his partner with the last name of Russell.

Albert Einstein

1916

(1873-1977) Theory of relativity and gravitation.

sputnik

1957

the very first satellite into space to orbit the earth Russia sent it, this was not good to the United States because that meant that they are higher in technology so that's why the U.S started NASA.

Yuri Gagarin

1961

was the first human to travel to space.

John Glenn

1962

first American to orbit the earth, and did it 3 times.

Apollo Missions

1963

Program made to land humans on the moon safely.

Neil Armstong

1969

The first person to walk on the moon.

First space shuttle flight

1981

Mars pathfinder expedition

1997

robotic spacecraft from america that landed in mars.

Cassini orbiter

1997

NASA, the European space agency and the Italian space agency sent this probe to study Saturn. Named after Giovanni Cassini.

Falcon heavy

2018

Manufactured by SpaceX