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Period: 10,000 BCE to 5000 BCE
Mesolithic Period and Architecture
In 8000, pottery was discovered in the Sahara and in Syria independently. Clay pots were practical substitutes for heavy stone vessels.
Palestine remained at the forefront of civilization: By 7000, the old circular huts had been replaced by houses with a rectangular plan, subdivided into rooms and with walls and floors covered with clay. Its settlers buried the deceased under their houses. -
Period: 5000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Neolithic Period and Architecture
Neolithic architecture were stone monoliths and houses made with mud and vegetation.
Towards the year 6500 we find in Anatolia, Turkey a group of towns of about 6,000 inhabitants, with houses and sanctuaries of raw brick and frescoes of female deities and bulls. At the end of the millennium they learned to melt copper to make ornaments, spearheads, and various objects, but the metal was scarce and the discovery did not have much impact. -
Period: 3500 BCE to
Mesopotamian Architecture Period
Mesopotamia after the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC last flourished during the period of the Neo-Babylonian empire that reached its zenith during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BC), who was also a great builder. Nebuchadnezzar II built new temples, a palace for himself, massive fortifications, the famous Ishtar Gate, and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which are considered one of the original seven wonders of the world. -
Period: 3050 BCE to 900 BCE
Ancient Egypt Period
In ancient Egypt, powerful rulers built monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines. Far from primitive, massive structures like the pyramids at Giza were feats of engineering capable of reaching great heights. -
2300 BCE
Stonehenge
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, two miles (3 km) west of Amesbury. It consists of an outer ring of vertical Sarsen standing stones, each around 13 feet (4.0 m) high, seven feet (2.1 m) wide, and weighing around 25 tons, topped by connecting horizontal lintel stones. Inside is a ring of smaller bluestones. Inside these are free-standing trilithons, two bulkier vertical Sarsens joined by one lintel. -
2100 BCE
Ziggurat of Ur
The Ziggurat (or Great Ziggurat) of Ur, is a Neo-Sumerian ziggurat in what was the city of Ur near Nasiriyah, in present-day Dhi Qar Province, Iraq. The structure was built during the Early Bronze Age (21st century BC) but had crumbled to ruins by the 6th century BC of the Neo-Babylonian period, when it was restored by King Nabonidus. -
860 BCE
The Palace of Ashurnasirpal II
The Palace of Ashurnasirpal II also contained orthostatic sculptures and reliefs that were not placed outside like the Hittites but inside the palace. There is also evidence that the palace was equipped with furniture decorated with ivory panels. Both reliefs and sculptures glorified the king and his achievements, with an important feature being various animal forms such as lions, horses, and winged beasts with bearded human faces. -
Period: 850 BCE to 476 BCE
Classical Architecture Period
From the rise of ancient Greece to the fall of the Roman Empire, great buildings were built according to precise rules. The classical orders, which define column styles and entablature designs, continue to influence building design in modern times. -
707 BCE
Dur-Sharrukin
Dur-Sharrukin, present day Khorsabad, was the Assyrian capital in the time of Sargon II of Assyria. Khorsabad is a village in northern Iraq, 15 km northeast of Mosul. The great city was entirely built in the decade preceding 706 BC. After the unexpected death of Sargon in battle, the capital was shifted 20 km south to Nineveh. -
Period: 527 BCE to 565 BCE
Byzantine Architecture Period
After Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium (now Istanbul) in 330 AD, Roman architecture evolved into an elegant, classically inspired style that uses brick instead of stone, vaulted ceilings, semicircular arcades and elaborate mosaics. Emperor Justinian (527 AD to 565 AD), led the march. -
520 BCE
Mausoleum of Theodoric
The Mausoleum of Theodoric is an ancient monument just outside Ravenna, Italy. It was built in 520 AD by Theodoric the Great, an Ostrogoth, as his future tomb. -
Period: 400 BCE to 1500
Prehispanic Architecture Period, Colombia
Of the architecture built by the indigenous groups existing at the time of the arrival of the Spaniards, few salvaged material remains have remained, among them the aforementioned San Agustín, Tierradentro, Pueblito and Ciudad Perdida. In the ceramics of the Tumaco Culture there are figures of buildings similar to houses and temples. The descriptions of the Muisca settlements in the Sabana de Bogotá show a particular logic of territorial settlement and housing construction. -
310
Teotihuacan
Is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of modern-day Mexico City. Teotihuacan is known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the first millennium (1 CE to 500 CE), Teotihuacan was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. -
532
Hagia Sophia
Is a Late Antique place of worship in Istanbul, designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. Built in 537 as the patriarchal cathedral of the imperial capital of Constantinople, it was the largest Christian church of the eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantine Empire) and the Eastern Orthodox Church, except during the Latin Empire from 1204 to 1261. -
Period: 550 to 820
Visigothic Architecture Period
The Spanish Visigothic architecture is characterized by its rough and brick-free walls, adorned with pillars and columns of Corinthian capital (of more or less altered composition when they are of the Byzantine type) and especially by its horseshoe arches, the latter element that in the second century and it was manifested in stelae found in León and Palencia. -
Jan 2, 661
Church of San Juan Bautista
It is an example of a Visigothic Basilica with three naves separated by columns of Corinthian capital with double abacus and horseshoe arches; with a square apse and two side chapels today destroyed; At its entrance there is a narthex with a simple façade with a door in the middle in a horseshoe arch supported by small imposts; its simplistic decoration is all geometric in character: a slab cut into the skylight at the back of the apse is one of the few ornamental motifs. -
Period: 800 to 1200
Romanesque Architecture Period
As Rome spread throughout Europe, Romanesque architecture also with the emergence of rounded arches. Churches and castles of the early medieval period were built with thick walls and heavy piers. -
Period: 850 to 1159
Toltec Architecture
The Toltec people created a refined culture, which included knowledge of metal smelting, stone working, distillation, and astronomy. Its architecture and art reflect influences from Teotihuacan and the Olmec culture. The remains of Tula, sometimes called Tollan Xicocotitlán, include three pyramidal temples, of which the largest is topped by 4.6 m tall columns in the form of stylized human figures known as “atlantes” (warriors); It is believed that it was dedicated to Quetzalcóatl. -
Period: 1100 to 1450
Gothic Architecture Period
Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses and other innovations led to the highest, most elegant architecture. Gothic ideas gave rise to magnificent cathedrals such as Chartres and Notre Dame. -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance Architecture Period
A return to classical ideas ushered in an "age of awakening" in Italy, France and England. Andrea Palladio and other builders sought out the classical orders of ancient Greece and Rome. Long after the Renaissance era ended, architects in the Western world drew inspiration from the wonderfully proportionate architecture of the period. -
Period: 1492 to
Colonial Architecture Period, Colombia
The urban and architectural conceptions implanted by the Spaniards corresponded with a way of understanding public life, religion and private life and of organizing their relationships in the space of the city. The new ways of living based on Hispanic traditions gave rise to different types of architecture that lasted for centuries and whose transformations gave rise to new types that appeared later. In the urban area, the grid layout of blocks and streets with a spatial and symbolic. -
Period: to
Baroque Architecture Period
In Italy, the Baroque style is reflected in the opulent and dramatic churches with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation. In France, the highly ornate baroque style is combined with classical restraint. Russian aristocrats were impressed by Versailles in France, and incorporated Baroque ideas into the building in St. Petersburg. Elements of the elaborate Baroque style are found throughout Europe. -
Period: to
Rococo Architecture Period
During the last phase of the Baroque period, builders constructed graceful white buildings with wide curves. These Rococo-style buildings are elegantly decorated with scrolls and delicate geometric patterns. -
Period: to
Neoclassical Architecture Period
A great interest in the ideas of the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio inspired a return of classical forms in Europe, Great Britain and the United States. These buildings were furnished according to classical orders with details taken from ancient Greece and Rome. -
Period: to
Republican Architecture Period, Colombia
Important in the ways of living and building. In the old colonial squares the urban parks of the republican period arose, in which recreation and leisure had space in the cities. In the dwellings, the types and techniques from the colonial period were temporarily preserved and improvements in the housing conditions were gradually added, which finally led to the emergence of new types of own dwellings already at the end of the 19th century. -
Period: to
Art Nouveau Architecture Period
Known as the new style, Art Nouveau was first expressed in fabrics and graphic design. The style spread to architecture and furnishings in the 1890s. Art Nouveau buildings often have asymmetrical shapes, arches, and decorative surfaces with curved plant-like designs. -
Period: to
Beaux Arts Architecture Period
Also known as Beaux Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival, Beaux Arts architecture is characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandeur, and elaborate ornamentation. -
Period: to
Modern Architecture Period
The 20th and 21st centuries have produced dramatic changes and astonishing diversity. Today's trends include Art Modern and the Bauhaus school coined by Walter Gropius, deconstructivism, formalism, Modernism, and structuralism. -
Period: to
Neo-Gothic Architecture
In the early 20th century, Gothic ideas were applied to modern buildings. Gargoyles, arched windows, and other medieval details adorned the towering skyscrapers. -
Period: to
Art Deco Architecture Period
Zigzag patterns with vertical lines create a dramatic jazz-era effect. Interestingly, many of the ornaments in Art Deco Architecture were inspired by ancient Egyptian architecture. -
Period: to
Modern Architecture Period, Colombia
It transformed the ways of living and making cities and architecture in Colombia. Already around 1930 the interest of the State and professional groups in tuning their ideas with world events was perceived. The founding of the Colombian Society of Architects and the Faculty of Architecture of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá, in 1934 and 1936 respectively, marked the beginning of a modernizing movement that by 1950 was already in a first phase of consolidation. -
Creation of the Faculty of Architecture, PUJ
After the First Javeriano University Congress, held to commemorate two decades of institutional life in the contemporary period, the Faculties of Architecture were created, -today of Architecture and Design- -
Period: to
Postmodern Architecture Period
A backlash against modernist approaches resulted in new buildings that re-invented historical details and familiar ornaments. If you look closely at these architectural movements and you are likely to come across ideas that date back to classical and ancient times.
