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Sep 8, 1090
Crusades
Dr. Henry Abramson video topic: Jews and the First Crusade The beginning of European anti-Semitism is often traced to the Crusades at the end of the eleventh century. Others claim it commenced in 1010 with organized mass murders of Jews in France and now http://www.adl.org/assets/pdf/education-outreach/Brief-History-on-Anti-Semitism-A.pdf -
Sep 9, 1160
Ritual Murder and Blood Libel
More on origins of blood libel
Blood libel refers to centuries old false allegations that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for ritual purposes, such as an ingredient in the baking of matzah. This was also called, by accusers, a “ritual murder” charge (which basically equates to a human sacrifice). http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007170 -
Oct 9, 1321
Yellow Badge
Source
In 1321, King Henry II of Castile forced Jews to wear a yellow badge on their garments (we later see this with the Star of David during the Holocaust).This mark, once called the Badge of Shame, was used to identify Jews in public. -
Apr 8, 1347
Black Death and Jewish Persecutions
SourceDuring the middle of the 14th century, the Bubonic Plague spread throughout Europe, killing an estimated one third of the population . Out of fear and superstition, Jews became a scapegoat because of the myths and stereotypes that were already believed about them. Jews were accused of poisoning wells, thus 'causing the plague and being less susceptible.' Thousands of Jews were persecuted and killed, with many Jewish populations in Germany and France dissappearing. -
Jul 30, 1492
Expulsion from Spain
Source On July 30, 1492 the entire Jewish community, some 200,000 people, were expelled from Spain.The expulsion, headed by Father Tomas de Torquemada, was carried out as he believed that as long as the Jews remained in Spain, they would influence the tens of thousands of recent Jewish converts to Christianity to continue practicing Judaism. -
Sep 9, 1545
Martin Luther
SourceMartin Luther wrote a pamphlet
in 1545 entitled "The Jews and Their Lies", claiming that Jews thirsted for Christian blood and urging the slaying of the Jews. The Nazis reprinted it in 1935...(photo illustrates German translation and reprint) -
Pogroms
Read more of history of Russian Anti-Semitism and PogromsThe Russian word pogrom means “to wreak havoc, to demolish violently.” It refers to a massive violent attack on people and their environment (homes, business, religious centers). Historically, the term denotes the massive attacks against the Jews in the Russian empire. -
Period: to
Concentration Camps
Established in March 1933, the Dachau concentration camp was the first concentration camp established by the National Socialist (Nazi) government.
Concentration camps were an integral feature of the regime in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. Torture and death were common, along with the deliberate maltreatment and forced labor of those that were forced into these camps. Families were seperated, and victims were split between young and old to determine their fate. -
Nuremberg Laws
Source
The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans or to employ young Aryan women as household help. -
Kristallnacht
More facts and SOURCE
Kristallnacht (Night of The Broken Glass). In one night most German synagogues and hundreds of Jewish-owned German businesses are destroyed. Almost 100 Jews are killed, and 10,000 are sent to concentration camps. -
Return of the Badges
Source and more on badges
In 1939 1the Nazi government introduced mandatory ID badges for Jews in Poland. Severe punishment was for those who failed to identifiy themselves. -
End of War, But No End to Prejudice
After the Holocaust, European anti-Semitism did not disappear. In the immediate postwar period, democratic societies such as Norway, the Netherlands, and others discriminated in various ways against the Jews in many domains.Often the returning Jews were not welcome.
