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Alan Turing
Alan Turing (later designer of the Colossus computer that helped break the German Enigma code in World War II) writes On Computable Numbers in which he suggests a Universal machine that can do any calculation -
Period: to
History of AI
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Arthur Samuel
IBM's Arthur Samuel develops a checkers playing
program that can learn from its own mistakes -
Norbert Weiner
Norbert Weiner writes the book Cybernetics that gives its name to a science; among other things he suggests that the way the brain is built may determine the way it works and constructing machines like brains may help us to understand the brain -
Turing
Turing suggests that machines might someday possess intelligence; he proposes the first test for possible machine intelligence (now called the Turing test) -
W. Grey Walter
W. Grey Walter develops a 'tortoise'
That moves under its own power until the batteries arc low; it then seeks out and connects to the nearest power outlet and recharges itself (can this be described as hunger?) -
John McCarthy
John McCarthy of Dartmouth College (US) coins the term artificial intelligence -
Samuel
Samuel beaten by his checkers playing program; others
experiment into developing game playing them -
Dr Fronk
Dr Fronk Rosenblatt demonstrates that pereeptrons coupled to a simple neural network can be programmed by example to recognize visual patterns -
Dr Weizenbaum
Dr Weizenbaum of MIT designs I:LIZA -
ladeh
fuzzy logic introduced by ladeh to explain some of the Situations where a Yes/No answer will not suffice -
Work begun on DENDRAL, the lust expert system
Work begun on DENDRAL, the lust expert system -
Minsky and Patna
Minsky and Patna prove percepirons cannot be used as the basis for a general computer effectively ending research into neural networks for 15 years -
Tens, Winograd at MIT develops SHRUDLU
Tens, Winograd at MIT develops SHRUDLU. an NI. interface to an imaginary 'block world' that was the first to demonstrate that a machine could have any real grasp of language -
the Al language PROLOG (programmed logic) developed
the Al language PROLOG (programmed logic) developed -
MYCIN, an expert system to diagnose bacterial infections is produced
MYCIN, an expert system to diagnose bacterial infections is produced -
Hearsay, a speech understanding program is introduced
Hearsay, a speech understanding program is introduced -
work starts on Shear Magic, an sheep shearing robot (WA)
work starts on Shear Magic, an sheep shearing robot (WA) -
BKG 9.8. a backgammon playing program defeats the (human) world champion
BKG 9.8. a backgammon playing program defeats the (human) world champion -
Japan announces the $M400 Fifth Generation Project to, over ten years
Japan announces the $M400 Fifth Generation Project to, over ten years, put a core computer in every home and small business; this knowledge information processor (KIP) would work through a natural language interface; the overall aim was to establish a knowledge industry because the Japanese saw knowledge as the new wealth in a post¬industrial society. (As a side note: the Japanese Fifth Generation Project was one of the motivating factors behind the move to develop lig as a subject in Queensland -
Q& A, a natural language based PC database program is introduced
Q& A, a natural language based PC database program is introduced -
developments with ANNs lead to significant advances into solving problems associated with pattern matching
developments with ANNs lead to significant advances into solving problems associated with pattern matching -
US military use Al based technology in weapons systems such as missiles and jetlighters
US military use Al based technology in weapons systems such as missiles and jet
lighters -
voice and character recognition used in home computers
voice and character recognition used in home computers -
ALICE, an open source NL Al chat robot, wins the Lochner Prize for the Tiring test.
ALICE, an open source NL Al chat robot, wins the Lochner Prize for the Tiring test.