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Alan Turing (later designer of the Colossus computer that helped break the German Enigma code in World War II) writes On Computable Numbers in which he suggests a Universal machine that can do any calculation
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IBM's Arthur Samuel develops a checkers playing
program that can learn from its own mistakes -
Norbert Weiner writes the book Cybernetics that gives its name to a science; among other things he suggests that the way the brain is built may determine the way it works and constructing machines like brains may help us to understand the brain
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Turing suggests that machines might someday possess intelligence; he proposes the first test for possible machine intelligence (now called the Turing test)
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W. Grey Walter develops a 'tortoise'
That moves under its own power until the batteries arc low; it then seeks out and connects to the nearest power outlet and recharges itself (can this be described as hunger?) -
John McCarthy of Dartmouth College (US) coins the term artificial intelligence
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Samuel beaten by his checkers playing program; others
experiment into developing game playing them -
Dr Fronk Rosenblatt demonstrates that pereeptrons coupled to a simple neural network can be programmed by example to recognize visual patterns
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Dr Weizenbaum of MIT designs I:LIZA
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fuzzy logic introduced by ladeh to explain some of the Situations where a Yes/No answer will not suffice
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Work begun on DENDRAL, the lust expert system
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Minsky and Patna prove percepirons cannot be used as the basis for a general computer effectively ending research into neural networks for 15 years
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Tens, Winograd at MIT develops SHRUDLU. an NI. interface to an imaginary 'block world' that was the first to demonstrate that a machine could have any real grasp of language
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the Al language PROLOG (programmed logic) developed
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MYCIN, an expert system to diagnose bacterial infections is produced
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Hearsay, a speech understanding program is introduced
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work starts on Shear Magic, an sheep shearing robot (WA)
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BKG 9.8. a backgammon playing program defeats the (human) world champion
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Japan announces the $M400 Fifth Generation Project to, over ten years, put a core computer in every home and small business; this knowledge information processor (KIP) would work through a natural language interface; the overall aim was to establish a knowledge industry because the Japanese saw knowledge as the new wealth in a post¬industrial society. (As a side note: the Japanese Fifth Generation Project was one of the motivating factors behind the move to develop lig as a subject in Queensland
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Q& A, a natural language based PC database program is introduced
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developments with ANNs lead to significant advances into solving problems associated with pattern matching
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US military use Al based technology in weapons systems such as missiles and jet
lighters -
voice and character recognition used in home computers
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ALICE, an open source NL Al chat robot, wins the Lochner Prize for the Tiring test.
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