History Final Timeline

Skhul People

99,000 BCE

Early Modern Humans

Neanderthals

39,800 BCE

Extinct, unable to adapt
closest ancient human relatives
Ice Age

Neolithic Revolution

10,000 BCE

Hunting and gathering, larger population

Jericho

9000 BCE

20 successive settlements, copious springs in and around the city

Stone Age

8700 BCE

prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge or a point. Lasted for 3.4 million years. Ended in 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE

Fertile Crescent

8000 BCE

Mesopotamia and the Fertile Soil

Faiyum

7200 BCE

Lived in Nile Valley and the promise land

Catalhoyuk

6200 BCE

Turkey, large Neolithic and Chalcolithic port-city settlement, buried dead in their village, pits beneath the floors

Sumer or Sumerian

4000 BCE

Mesopotamia, Between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Fertile Crescent, Creators of civilization as modern humans understand it

Out of Africa

3300 BCE

When hominids, archaic humans

Yangtze River Valley

3000 BCE

China, Longest river in Asia, 3rd longest in the word

Babylon

2900 BCE

Mesopotamia, Key Kingdom in Mesopotamia, Built on the Euphrates river

Mohenjo Daro and Harappa

2500 BCE

Sinh, Pakistan, One of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus
Indus Valley Civilization, Abandoned in the 19th century BCE

Mentuhotep 2

2061 BCE

Pharaoh of the 11th Dynasty who reigned for 51 years. 39th year he was on the throne of Egypt. 2061-2010 BC

Middle Kingdom

2040 BCE

Where: Ancient Egypt, When: 2040-Birth of Tut 1975 BC to 1640 BC
Second peak period of Ancient Egypt.

Mayan Empire

1800 BCE

Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, noted for its logo syllabic script. highly developed writing system, calendar, mathematics, astronomical system. Abandoned by AD of 900

Hammurabi

1792 BCE

1792-1750 BCE The sixth king of the Amorite First Dynasty of Babylon. Assumed the throne from his father. Expanded the kingdom to conquer all of ancient Mesopotamia

Hitties

1700 BCE

a member of an ancient people who established an empire in Asia Minor and Syria from 1700 c to 1200 BC

Queen Hatshepsut

1507 BCE

fifth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. Acknowledged as a king not a queen. from 1507 BC-1458 BC.

The Phoenicians

1500 BCE

From Ancient Greece, major export region. 1500 BC and 300 BC. Civilization organized by city-states.

Thutmose 3

1450 BCE

From 1458 BCE to 1425 BCE. 6th King of Egypt's 18th Dynasty, one of the greatest military leaders in antiquity and among the most effective and impressive monarchs

Amennotep 3

1386 BCE

From 1386 to 1353 BCE. 9th King of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt.

Akhenaten

1353 BCE

Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. From 1353 BCE to 1336 BCE.

Ramesses 2

1303 BCE

From 1303 BC to 1213 BC, reign from 1279-1213 BC
3rd pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty. Greatest most celebrated pharaoh of the New Kingdom

Bronze and Iron Ages

1200 BCE

Iron weapons began in the Middle East and southeastern Asia. Three Age system

Late Bronze Age

1200 BCE

1200 BC-500 BC. Collapse involved a Dark Age transition period in the East.

Greek Dark Ages

1100 BCE

collapse of the Bronze Age civilization in Eastern Mediterranean world at the outset of the period. From 1100 BC to 800 BC

Ancient Greece

800 BCE

Where: Greece, Birthplace of democracy, Greatest literature, architecture, science, and philosophy, Latin alphabet

Archaic Period

800 BCE

Greek history, saw developments in Greek politics, economics, international relations, warfare and culture. From 800 BCE to 479 BCE

Rome

753 BCE

When: 753 BCE – 410 AD, Where: Italy, Capital of Lazio region, Colosseum and known for interesting buildings

King Nebuchadnezzar 2

634 BCE

From 605-562 BC in power, born 634 BC. King of Babylon, longest reigning and most powerful monarch of the Neo-Babylonian Empire

Persia

550 BCE

Mesopotamia, Imperial dynasties, Iranian ethnic group making up over half the population of Iran

Persian Empire

550 BCE

series of imperial dynasties that were centered in Persia. Iran from the 6th century to the 20th century in AD.

Alexander The Great

356 BCE

Known as Alexander 3 of Macedon, King of Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon, Established the largest empire in the world, When: 356-323 BCE, Where: Macedonia, Greece

Qin Dynasty

221 BCE

When: 221 – 207 BCE, Where: China, 1st dynasty of Imperial China

Roman Civil War

49 BCE

From 49 BC to 45 BC. One of the last politico-military conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire.

Rise of Religion

300

300 CE Christianity rises, 500 CE Buddhism in India, 600 CE Islam in Iraq (Persia)

400 CE Alaric and the Goths Sack Rome

410

The fall of the Western Roman Empire, Occurred on August 24th, 410 AD. Attacked by Visigoths led by King Alaric, 1st time in 800 years Rome fell to a foreign enemy

Empire Strikes Back

540

Constantine divided empire into 2 parts; Rome capital of western empire, Constantinople capital of eastern empire (Bisintine)when Rome fell, it was just the western empire that fell, not the eastern

Muhammad

570

from 570 CE to June 8th 632 CE. Was an Arab religious, social and political leader and the founder of Islam

Islam

610

religion of Muslims, revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah

Battle of Tours

732

Also called Battle of Poitiers, October of 732, Won by Charles Martel, Fought between Tours and Poitiers-now west central France

Defeat of Saxons

772

from 772-804. We're campaigns and insurrections of the 33 years from when Charlemagne first entered Saxony.

Vikings from Scandinavia

793

attacked a lot of churches, looking for land, Time period of Scandinavians-expanded and built settlements in Europe, Brutal Raiders, Destroyed Abbey on Lindisfarne, Rode on ships

Charlemagne

800

Charles 1, Charles the Great, First emperor of the Romans (800-814), later called the Holy Roman Empire, Emperor, Carolingian Empire (800-814) King, Carolingian Empire (768-814)

Pope Urban 11

1035

from 1035- July 29th, 1099. Pope from March 12th 1088 to his death in 1099. Best known for initiating the First Crusade

Battle of Hastings

1066

Anglos and the Saxons, October 14, 1066 between norma-French army of William the Duke of Normandy, Death of King Edward the Confessor

Crusades

1096

Series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims, Secure control of holy sites, Bloody and violent, Set the stage for several religious knightly military orders

Genghis Khan

1162

1162-1227, He wanted to prove himself to the people,Tribal leader of Mongolian nomads, Had horses, Domesticated 5000 years before him, Used to communicate over the world’s largest empire to date – over twice the size of the US, Responsible for the death of over 40 million people, raped women as well

Trojan War

1194

The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, after Eris, the goddess of strife and discord, gave them a golden apple, sometimes known as the Apple of Discord, marked "for the fairest. from 1194 to 1184 BC

King Louis lX of France

Apr 25, 1214

known as Saint Louis, from April 25th, 1214 to August 25th, 1270. Canonized in the Catholic church. Crowned at age 12.

Kussik Khul

1337

diseases start spreading, Jani Beg – descendant of Genghis Khan:
one man responsible for spreading the plague to Europe, killed his brother for power, wanted to expand the empire westward, Chemical bombs being used to kill people, being the first biological weapon in Kaffa, Kaffa people fled to Italy, brought the diseases with them

The Black Plague

1346

until 1353 CE Greatest Catastrophe Ever, Killed 50 million people in the 14th century, Known as the Black Death, Spread across Europe

Plague Rages across Europe

1349

Humans are dying more than they can be replaced, wanted a reason to blame for the plague, Feb. 14 – St. Valentine’s Day Massacre: Jews had to choose to convert or die in Germany,1000 Jews buried alive and killed

Age of Enlightenment;Renaissance

1400

1400-1600 Medici Family, Reformation of the church, Spanish inquisition – exploration of the New World

Itzcoatl

1427

Fourth king of Tenochititlan, from 1427 to 1440. Laid the foundations for the Aztec Empire

Aztec Empire

1428

an alliance of 3 Nahua city states, Tenochititlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. Ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico until 1521 when Hernan Cortes defeated them.

Inca Empire

1438

Largest empire in pre Columbian America. Conquered by the Spanish in 1572

Spanish Inquisition

1478

From 1478-1834. Established combat heresy in Spain. Served to consolidate power in the monarchy

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Died Feb. 18th, 1546. Religious reformer who was the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.

Cristobal Colon (Christopher Columbus)

1492

Was never on mainland America, Did not set up trading, thought he was in India, not America, Rumor that he proved the world was round, but did not. Was seeking business, but found land instead

Columbian Exchange

1492

Widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World.

St. Augustine, Florida

1565

Founded by Spanish explorers. The oldest, continuously inhabited European establishment settlement with the borders of the US.

Roanoke Part 1

1585

Present day North Carolina, 1st English settlement in the New World
Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in August 1585, Suffered from food supplies and Indian attacks

Roanoke Part 2

1587

Everyone banished by the time John White came to give more supplies for the 100 colonists that were sent over. John White was stalled by the Spanish War

Jamestown

1607

Settlement in the Colony of Virginia
1st permanent English settlement
Served as the colonial capital from 1616 until 1699

Plymouth

1620

Named by Captain John Smith
Developed as the town Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Founded by Puritan Separatists, known as Pilgrims
Second successful colony
First permanent English settlement in the New England region.

Maryland

1632

English and British colony in America.
Existed from 1632 to 1776 when it joined the 12/13 colonies.
Became US state of Maryland

House of Burgesses

1642

the lower house of the colonial Virginia Legislature. 1642-1776 it was an instrument of government.

Navigation Act

1651

The Acts of Trade and Navigation, series of English laws that developed, promoted, and regulated English ships, shipping, and trading. 1651, 1660

New York

1664

New Amsterdam in 1626.
The english conquered the area and renamed it New York

Pennsylvania

Mar 4, 1680

Founded in English in America by William Penn
Founded on March 4th, 1681
Royal charter by King Charles 2.
Penn’s Woods created by Sir William Penn

English Bill of Rights

Dec 16, 1689

an act that the Parliament of England passed. It creates separation of powers, limits the power of the king and queen, enhances democratic election, and freedom of speech

Carolinas

1690

1651 as northern half of British colony of Carolina attracted frontiersmen from Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Split into North and South Carolina in 1712.

Salem

1692

Salem Witch Trials
Hearings and Prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft
In Colonial Massachusetts
February 1692 to May 1693.
More than 2oo people accused
30 found guilty, 19 executed by hanging, one person was pressed to death, and 5 died in jail

Classical Period

1730

Era of classical music from 1730-1820

Georgia

Apr 21, 1732

Southern colonies in British America
Last of the 13 colonies
Granted charter in April 21st, 1732

French and Indian War

1754

1754 – 1763, Ohio River Valley, English and French battled for colonial domination, Britain was provided with enormous territorial gains in North America

French and Indian War

1756

7 Years War. 1756 to 1763. Imperial struggle between Britain and France.

Taxation without Representation

1760

1760s-1770s during British rule, All 13 original colonies imposing taxes on people who have no control over taxing authority; one of the major causes for revolution; colonist resenting British parliament

Sugar Act

1764

British aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and molasses from the French and Dutch West Indies, providing increased revenues.

Stamp Act

1765

an act regulating stamp duty.

Sons of Liberty

1765

Secret revolutionary organization that was created in the 13 colonies to advance the rights of the European colonists.

Townshed Act

1767

series of laws passed by the British government on the America colonies in 1767. New taxes and took away some freedoms. Taxes on imports of paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea

Boston Massacre

Mar 5, 1770

Boston, Massachusetts
Killed 5 colonists
fueled anti-British views that helped start revolutionary war

Boston Tea Party

Dec 16, 1773

Boston, Massachusetts
No taxation without representation
dumped 342 boxes of tea in harbor because they were angry about tea taxes

Intolerable Act

1774

Designed to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party. Laws closed the ports until the colonists paid for the tea that they had destroyed.

Lexington and Concord

1775

Middlesex Providence
Destroyed British weapons
Shot heard round the world
Start of revolutionary war

Bunker Hill

Jun 17, 1775

British defeated the Americans here. Provided them with an important confidence boost during the Siege of Boston.

Declaration of Independence

Jul 4, 1776

Explained why the 13 colonies were at war with Great Britain, no longer under the British rule

Battle of Saratoga

Sep 19, 1777

Lasted until October 7th, 1777. Climax of the Saratoga campaign, decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the Revolutionary War.

Articles of Confederation

1781

the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, replaced by the US Constitution.

Yorktown

Sep 28, 1781

Lasted until October 19th, 1781. Decisive victory with the American Continental Army troops led by George Washington

US Constitution

Sep 17, 1787

Supreme Law of the USA. Effective March 4th, 1789. Seven articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers.

Cotton Gin

1793

Cotton engine, quickly separates cotton fibers from their seeds. Created by Eli Whitney

Lewis and Clark

1804

Lasted for two years, 8,000 mile long journey to explore the lands west of the Mississippi River

Lousiana Territory

Jul 4, 1805

existed until June 4th, 1812, formed out of the District of Louisiana, which consisted of the Louisiana Purchase.

Slave Ban

1807

Abolition of the Slave Trade Act, outlawing British Atlantic slave trade. The banning of slave trade, effective from 1808.

Abraham Lincoln

Feb 12, 1809

Killed on April 15th, 1865. American Statesmen, 16th president of the USA. Issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever to free the slaves

Little Crow

1810

Died in July 3rd, 1863, chief of band of the Mdewakanto Dakota People, based along the Minnesota River.

War of 1812

1812

United States took on the greatest naval power in the world, Great Britain, conflict that has an immense impact on the country. British attempted to restrict US trade.

Indian Removal Act

May 28, 1830

Signed into law by President Andrew Jackson. Authorizing to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for Indian lands.

Civil War

1861

1861 to 1865 between the North and the South. Long standing controversy over the enslavement of colored people

Mankato Massacre

1862

People living on reservation lands near Mankato were expelled from Minnesota as a result of war. Present Lincoln executed more than 800 people, 77 soldiers killed, and 30 men hung.

Jim Crow Laws

1870

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern States. Enforced until 1965.

Radical Reconstruction

May 19, 1870

Radical Republicans believed colored people were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites. Began working on the Civil Rights Bill

World War 1

Jul 28, 1914

Started in July 28th, 1914 and ended on November 11th, 1918.The war that ended all wars. One of the deadliest wars in history

Great Depression

1929

The worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. Lasting from 1929 to 1939

World War 2

1939

1939 to 1945. Including the vast majority of the world's greatest countries. Deadliest conflict in human history, 70 to 65 million fatalities.

War Protests

1965

Movement against US involvement in the Vietnam War.

Old Kingdom

2575

Ancient Egypt, When: 2575 BC to 2150 BC, hereditary succession
Strong government and economy, PYRAMIDS BUILT HERE

Natufians

9000

Mesolithic culture of Palestine and southern Syria
Gathering wild grain

Clovis People

11,500

Hunted Mammoths, as well as other extinct animals. More than 125 species of plants and animals were discovered by the Clovis people. Around New Mexico Area