History By gtaylor5 1742 The first blast furnaces are used in England 1769 James Watt invents the steam engine 1770 Captain Cook first sights the east coast of Australia 1788 The first fleet arrives in Botany Bay 1789 The French Revolution begins 1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin 1807 The British parliament passes a bill abolishing the trading of slaves in their territory Period: 1845 to 1857 A potato blight in Ireland creates widespread famine 1847 Freed American slaves found the republic of Liberia in West Africa 1851 The Victorian gold rush begins 1861 The American civil war begins 1863 Abraham Lincoln issues the emancipation proclamation 1865 The American civil war ends 1901 Australia celebrates federation